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Andi Gutmans b4faef2fe3 - MFB
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Installing PHP
_________________________________________________________________
Table of Contents
1. General Installation Considerations
2. Installation on Mac OS X
Using Packages
Compiling for OS X Server
Compiling for MacOS X Client
3. Installation on Unix systems
Gentoo installation notes
HP-UX specific installation notes
OpenBSD installation notes
Solaris specific installation tips
Apache 1.3.x on Unix systems
Apache 2.0 on Unix systems
Caudium
fhttpd related notes
Sun, iPlanet and Netscape servers on Sun Solaris
CGI and commandline setups
4. Problems?
Read the FAQ
Other problems
Bug reports
5. Runtime Configuration
The configuration file
How to change configuration settings
_________________________________________________________________
Chapter 1. General Installation Considerations
Before starting the installation, first you need to know what do you
want to use PHP for. There are three main fields you can use PHP, as
described in the What can PHP do? section:
* Server-side scripting
* Command line scripting
* Client-side GUI applications
For the first and most common form, you need three things: PHP itself,
a web server and a web browser. You probably already have a web
browser, and depending on your operating system setup, you may also
have a web server (e.g. Apache on Linux and MacOS X; IIS on Windows).
You may also rent webspace at a company. This way, you don't need to
set up anything on your own, only write your PHP scripts, upload it to
the server you rent, and see the results in your browser.
While setting up the server and PHP on your own, you have two choices
for the method of connecting PHP to the server. For many servers PHP
has a direct module interface (also called SAPI). These servers
include Apache, Microsoft Internet Information Server, Netscape and
iPlanet servers. Many other servers have support for ISAPI, the
Microsoft module interface (OmniHTTPd for example). If PHP has no
module support for your web server, you can always use it as a CGI or
FastCGI processor. This means you set up your server to use the CGI
executable of PHP to process all PHP file requests on the server.
If you are also interested to use PHP for command line scripting (e.g.
write scripts autogenerating some images for you offline, or
processing text files depending on some arguments you pass to them),
you always need the command line executable. For more information,
read the section about writing command line PHP applications. In this
case, you need no server and no browser.
With PHP you can also write desktop GUI applications using the PHP-GTK
extension. This is a completely different approach than writing web
pages, as you do not output any HTML, but manage windows and objects
within them. For more information about PHP-GTK, please visit the site
dedicated to this extension. PHP-GTK is not included in the official
PHP distribution.
From now on, this section deals with setting up PHP for web servers on
Unix and Windows with server module interfaces and CGI executables.
You will also find information on the command line executable in the
following sections.
PHP source code and binary distributions for Windows can be found at
http://www.php.net/downloads.php. We recommend you to choose a mirror
nearest to you for downloading the distributions.
_________________________________________________________________
Chapter 2. Installation on Mac OS X
This section contains notes and hints specific to installing PHP on
Mac OS X. There are two slightly different versions of Mac OS X,
Client and Server, our manual deals with installing PHP on both
systems. Note that PHP is not available for MacOS 9 and earlier
versions.
_________________________________________________________________
Using Packages
There are a few pre-packaged and pre-compiled versions of PHP for Mac
OS X. This can help in setting up a standard configuration, but if you
need to have a different set of features (such as a secure server, or
a different database driver), you may need to build PHP and/or your
web server yourself. If you are unfamiliar with building and compiling
your own software, it's worth checking whether somebody has already
built a packaged version of PHP with the features you need.
_________________________________________________________________
Compiling for OS X Server
Mac OS X Server install.
1. Get the latest distributions of Apache and PHP.
2. Untar them, and run the configure program on Apache like so.
./configure --exec-prefix=/usr \
--localstatedir=/var \
--mandir=/usr/share/man \
--libexecdir=/System/Library/Apache/Modules \
--iconsdir=/System/Library/Apache/Icons \
--includedir=/System/Library/Frameworks/Apache.framework/Versions/1.3/Headers \
--enable-shared=max \
--enable-module=most \
--target=apache
3. If you want the compiler to do some optimization, you may also
want to add this line:
setenv OPTIM=-O2
4. Next, go to the PHP 4 source directory and configure it.
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--localstatedir=/var \
--mandir=/usr/share/man \
--with-xml \
--with-apache=/src/apache_1.3.12
If you have any other additions (MySQL, GD, etc.), be sure to add
them here. For the --with-apache string, put in the path to your
apache source directory, for example /src/apache_1.3.12.
5. Type make and make install. This will add a directory to your
Apache source directory under src/modules/php4.
6. Now, reconfigure Apache to build in PHP 4.
./configure --exec-prefix=/usr \
--localstatedir=/var \
--mandir=/usr/share/man \
--libexecdir=/System/Library/Apache/Modules \
--iconsdir=/System/Library/Apache/Icons \
--includedir=/System/Library/Frameworks/Apache.framework/Versions/1.3/Headers \
--enable-shared=max \
--enable-module=most \
--target=apache \
--activate-module=src/modules/php4/libphp4.a
You may get a message telling you that libmodphp4.a is out of
date. If so, go to the src/modules/php4 directory inside your
Apache source directory and run this command: ranlib libmodphp4.a.
Then go back to the root of the Apache source directory and run
the above configure command again. That'll bring the link table up
to date. Run make and make install again.
7. Copy and rename the php.ini-dist file to your bin directory from
your PHP 4 source directory: cp php.ini-dist
/usr/local/bin/php.ini or (if your don't have a local directory)
cp php.ini-dist /usr/bin/php.ini.
_________________________________________________________________
Compiling for MacOS X Client
The following instructions will help you install a PHP module for the
Apache web server included in MacOS X. This version includes support
for the MySQL and PostgreSQL databases. These instructions are
graciously provided by Marc Liyanage.
Warning
Be careful when you do this, you could screw up your Apache web
server!
Do this to install:
1. Open a terminal window.
2. Type wget
http://www.diax.ch/users/liyanage/software/macosx/libphp4.so.gz,
wait for the download to finish.
3. Type gunzip libphp4.so.gz.
4. Type sudo apxs -i -a -n php4 libphp4.so
5. Now type sudo open -a TextEdit /etc/httpd/httpd.conf. TextEdit
will open with the web server configuration file. Locate these two
lines towards the end of the file: (Use the Find command)
#AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
#AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
Remove the two hash marks (#), then save the file and quit
TextEdit.
6. Finally, type sudo apachectl graceful to restart the web server.
PHP should now be up and running. You can test it by dropping a file
into your Sites folder which is called test.php. Into that file, write
this line: <?php phpinfo() ?>.
Now open up 127.0.0.1/~your_username/test.php in your web browser. You
should see a status table with information about the PHP module.
_________________________________________________________________
Chapter 3. Installation on Unix systems
This section will guide you through the general configuration and
installation of PHP on Unix systems. Be sure to investigate any
sections specific to your platform or web server before you begin the
process.
As our manual outlines in the General Installation Considerations
section, we are mainly dealing with web centric setups of PHP in this
section, although we will cover setting up PHP for command line usage
as well.
There are several ways to install PHP for the Unix platform, either
with a compile and configure process, or through various pre-packaged
methods. This documentation is mainly focused around the process of
compiling and configuring PHP. Many Unix like systems have some sort
of package installation system. This can assist in setting up a
standard configuration, but if you need to have a different set of
features (such as a secure server, or a different database driver),
you may need to build PHP and/or your webserver. If you are unfamiliar
with building and compiling your own software, it is worth checking to
see whether somebody has already built a packaged version of PHP with
the features you need.
Prerequisite knowledge and software for compiling:
* Basic Unix skills (being able to operate "make" and a C compiler)
* An ANSI C compiler
* flex
* bison
* A web server
* Any module specific components (such as gd, pdf libs, etc.)
The initial PHP setup and configuration process is controlled by the
use of the commandline options of the configure script. Our manual
documents the different options separately. You will find the core
options in the appendix, while the different extension specific
options are descibed on the reference pages.
When PHP is configured, you are ready to build the module and/or
executables. The command make should take care of this. If it fails
and you can't figure out why, see the Problems section.
_________________________________________________________________
Gentoo installation notes
This section contains notes and hints specific to installing PHP on
Gentoo Linux.
_________________________________________________________________
Using Portage (emerge)
While you can just download the PHP source and compile it youself,
using Gentoo's packaging system is the simplest and cleanest method of
installing PHP. If you are not familiar with building software on
Linux, this is the way to go.
If you have built your Gentoo system so far, you are probably used to
Portage already. Installing Apache and PHP is no different than the
other system tools.
The first decision you need to make is whether you want to install
Apache 1.3.x or Apache 2.x. While both can be used with PHP, the steps
given bellow will use Apache 1.3.x. Another thing to consider is
whether your local Portage tree is up to date. If you have not updated
it recently, you need to run emerge sync before anything else. This
way, you will be using the most recent stable version of Apache and
PHP.
Now that everything is in place, you can use the following example to
install Apache and PHP:
Example 3-1. Gentoo Install Example with Apache 1.3
# emerge \<apache-2
# USE="-*" emerge php mod_php
# ebuild /var/db/pkg/dev-php/mod_php-<your PHP version>/mod_php-<your PHP versi
on>.ebuild config
# nano /etc/conf.d/apache
Add "-D PHP4" to APACHE_OPTS
# rc-update add apache default
# /etc/init.d/apache start
You can read more about emerge in the excellent Portage Manual
provided on the Gentoo website.
If you need to use Apache 2, you can simply use emerge apache in the
last example.
_________________________________________________________________
Better control on configuration
In the last section, PHP was emerged without any activated modules. As
of this writing, the only module activated by default with Portage is
XML which is needed by PEAR. This may not be what you want and you
will soon discover that you need more activated modules, like MySQL,
gettext, GD, etc.
When you compile PHP from source yourself, you need to activate
modules via the configure command. With Gentoo, you can simply provide
USE flags which will be passed to the configure script automatically.
To see which USE flags to use with emerge, you can try:
Example 3-2. Getting the list of valid USE flags
# USE="-*" emerge -pv php
[ebuild N ] dev-php/php-4.3.6-r1 -X -berkdb -crypt -curl -debug -doc
-fdftk -firebird -flash -freetds -gd -gd-external -gdbm -gmp -hardenedphp
-imap -informix -ipv6 -java -jpeg -kerberos -ldap -mcal -memlimit -mssql
-mysql -ncurses -nls -oci8 -odbc -pam -pdflib -png -postgres -qt -readline
-snmp -spell -ssl -tiff -truetype -xml2 -yaz 3,876 kB
As you can see from the last output, PHP considers a lot of USE flags.
Look at them closely and choose what you need. If you choose a flag
and you do not have the proper librairies, Portage will compile them
for you. It is a good idea to use emerge -pv again to see what Portage
will compile in accordance to your USE flags. As an example, if you do
not have X installed and you choose to include X in the USE flags,
Portage will compile X prior to PHP, which can take a couple of hours.
If you choose to compile PHP with MySQL, cURL and GD support, the
command will look something like this:
Example 3-3. Install PHP with USE flags
# USE="-* curl mysql gd" emerge php mod_php
As in the last example, do not forget to emerge php as well as
mod_php. php is responsible for the command line version of PHP as
mod_php is for the Apache module version of PHP.
_________________________________________________________________
Common Problems
* If you see the PHP source instead of the result the script should
produce, you have probably forgot to edit /etc/conf.d/apache.
Apache needs to be started with the -D PHP4 flag. To see if the
flag is present, you should be able to see it when using ps ax |
grep apache while Apache is running.
* Due to slotting problems, you might end up with more than one
version of PHP installed on your system. If this is the case, you
need to unmerge the old versions manually by using emerge unmerge
mod_php-<old version>.
* If you cannot emerge PHP because of Java, try putting -* in front
of your USE flags like in the above examples.
* If you are having problems configuring Apache and PHP, you can
always search the Gentoo Forums. Try searching with the keywords
"Apache PHP".
_________________________________________________________________
HP-UX specific installation notes
This section contains notes and hints specific to installing PHP on
HP-UX systems. (Contributed by paul_mckay at clearwater-it dot co dot
uk).
Note: These tips were written for PHP 4.0.4 and Apache 1.3.9.
1. You need gzip, download a binary distribution from
http://hpux.connect.org.uk/ftp/hpux/Gnu/gzip-1.2.4a/gzip-1.2.4a-sd
-10.20.depot.Z uncompress the file and install using swinstall.
2. You need gcc, download a binary distribution from
http://gatekeep.cs.utah.edu/ftp/hpux/Gnu/gcc-2.95.2/gcc-2.95.2-sd-
10.20.depot.gz. uncompress this file and install gcc using
swinstall.
3. You need the GNU binutils, you can download a binary distribution
from
http://hpux.connect.org.uk/ftp/hpux/Gnu/binutils-2.9.1/binutils-2.
9.1-sd-10.20.depot.gz. uncompress this file and install binutils
using swinstall.
4. You now need bison, you can download a binary distribution from
http://hpux.connect.org.uk/ftp/hpux/Gnu/bison-1.28/bison-1.28-sd-1
0.20.depot.gz, install as above.
5. You now need flex, you need to download the source from one of the
http://www.gnu.org mirrors. It is in the non-gnu directory of the
ftp site. Download the file, gunzip, then tar -xvf it. Go into the
newly created flex directory and run ./configure, followed by
make, and then make install.
If you have errors here, it's probably because gcc etc. are not in
your PATH so add them to your PATH.
6. Download the PHP and apache sources.
7. gunzip and tar -xvf them. We need to hack a couple of files so
that they can compile OK.
8. Firstly the configure file needs to be hacked because it seems to
lose track of the fact that you are a hpux machine, there will be
a better way of doing this but a cheap and cheerful hack is to put
lt_target=hpux10.20 on line 47286 of the configure script.
9. Next, the Apache GuessOS file needs to be hacked. Under
apache_1.3.9/src/helpers change line 89 from echo
"hp${HPUXMACH}-hpux${HPUXVER}"; exit 0 to: echo
"hp${HPUXMACH}-hp-hpux${HPUXVER}"; exit 0
10. You cannot install PHP as a shared object under HP-UX so you must
compile it as a static, just follow the instructions at the Apache
page.
11. PHP and Apache should have compiled OK, but Apache won't start.
you need to create a new user for Apache, e.g. www, or apache. You
then change lines 252 and 253 of the conf/httpd.conf in Apache so
that instead of
User nobody
Group nogroup
you have something like
User www
Group sys
This is because you can't run Apache as nobody under hp-ux. Apache
and PHP should then work.
_________________________________________________________________
OpenBSD installation notes
This section contains notes and hints specific to installing PHP on
OpenBSD 3.4.
_________________________________________________________________
Using Binary Packages
Using binary packages to install PHP on OpenBSD is the recommended and
simplest method. The core package has been separated from the various
modules, and each can be installed and removed independently from the
others. The files you need can be found on your OpenBSD CD or on the
FTP site.
The main package you need to install is php4-core-4.3.3.tgz, which
contains the basic engine (plus gettext and iconv). Next, take a look
at the module packages, such as php4-mysql-4.3.3.tgz or
php4-imap-4.3.3.tgz. You need to use the phpxs command to activate and
deactivate these modules in your php.ini.
Example 3-4. OpenBSD Package Install Example
# pkg_add php4-core-4.3.3.tgz
# /usr/local/sbin/phpxs -s
# cp /usr/local/share/doc/php4/php.ini-recommended /var/www/conf/php.ini
(add in mysql)
# pkg_add php4-mysql-4.3.3.tgz
# /usr/local/sbin/phpxs -a mysql
(add in imap)
# pkg_add php4-imap-4.3.3.tgz
# /usr/local/sbin/phpxs -a imap
(remove mysql as a test)
# pkg_delete php4-mysql-4.3.3
# /usr/local/sbin/phpxs -r mysql
(install the PEAR libraries)
# pkg_add php4-pear-4.3.3.tgz
Read the packages(7) manual page for more information about binary
packages on OpenBSD.
_________________________________________________________________
Using Ports
You can also compile up PHP from source using the ports tree. However,
this is only recommended for users familiar with OpenBSD. The PHP 4
port is split into two sub-directories: core and extensions. The
extensions directory generates sub-packages for all of the supported
PHP modules. If you find you do not want to create some of these
modules, use the no_* FLAVOR. For example, to skip building the imap
module, set the FLAVOR to no_imap.
_________________________________________________________________
Common Problems
* The default install of Apache runs inside a chroot(2) jail, which
will restrict PHP scripts to accessing files under /var/www. You
will therefore need to create a /var/www/tmp directory for PHP
session files to be stored, or use an alternative session backend.
In addition, database sockets need to be placed inside the jail or
listen on the localhost interface. If you use network functions,
some files from /etc such as /etc/resolv.conf and /etc/services
will need to be moved into /var/www/etc. The OpenBSD PEAR package
automatically installs into the correct chroot directories, so no
special modification is needed there. More information on the
OpenBSD Apache is available in the OpenBSD FAQ.
* The OpenBSD 3.4 package for the gd extension requires XFree86 to
be installed. If you do not wish to use some of the font features
that require X11, install the php4-gd-4.3.3-no_x11.tgz package
instead.
_________________________________________________________________
Older Releases
Older releases of OpenBSD used the FLAVORS system to compile up a
statically linked PHP. Since it is hard to generate binary packages
using this method, it is now deprecated. You can still use the old
stable ports trees if you wish, but they are unsupported by the
OpenBSD team. If you have any comments about this, the current
maintainer for the port is Anil Madhavapeddy (avsm at openbsd dot
org).
_________________________________________________________________
Solaris specific installation tips
This section contains notes and hints specific to installing PHP on
Solaris systems.
_________________________________________________________________
Required software
Solaris installs often lack C compilers and their related tools. Read
this FAQ for information on why using GNU versions for some of these
tools is necessary. The required software is as follows:
* gcc (recommended, other C compilers may work)
* make
* flex
* bison
* m4
* autoconf
* automake
* perl
* gzip
* tar
* GNU sed
In addition, you will need to install (and possibly compile) any
additional software specific to your configuration, such as Oracle or
MySQL.
_________________________________________________________________
Using Packages
You can simplify the Solaris install process by using pkgadd to
install most of your needed components.
_________________________________________________________________
Apache 1.3.x on Unix systems
This section contains notes and hints specific to Apache installs of
PHP on Unix platforms. We also have instructions and notes for Apache
2 on a separate page.
You can select arguments to add to the configure on line 10 below from
the list of core configure options and from extension specific options
described at the respective places in the manual. The version numbers
have been omitted here, to ensure the instructions are not incorrect.
You will need to replace the 'xxx' here with the correct values from
your files.
Example 3-5. Installation Instructions (Apache Shared Module Version)
for PHP
1. gunzip apache_xxx.tar.gz
2. tar -xvf apache_xxx.tar
3. gunzip php-xxx.tar.gz
4. tar -xvf php-xxx.tar
5. cd apache_xxx
6. ./configure --prefix=/www --enable-module=so
7. make
8. make install
9. cd ../php-xxx
10. Now, configure your PHP. This is where you customize your PHP
with various options, like which extensions will be enabled. Do a
./configure --help for a list of available options. In our example
we'll do a simple configure with Apache 1 and MySQL support. Your
path to apxs may differ from our example.
./configure --with-mysql --with-apxs=/www/bin/apxs
11. make
12. make install
If you decide to change your configure options after installation,
you only need to repeat the last three steps. You only need to
restart apache for the new module to take effect. A recompile of
Apache is not needed.
Note that unless told otherwise, 'make install' will also install PEAR,
various PHP tools such as phpize, install the PHP CLI, and more.
13. Setup your php.ini file:
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/lib/php.ini
You may edit your .ini file to set PHP options. If you prefer your
php.ini in another location, use --with-config-file-path=/some/path in
step 10.
If you instead choose php.ini-recommended, be certain to read the list
of changes within, as they affect how PHP behaves.
14. Edit your httpd.conf to load the PHP module. The path on the right hand
side of the LoadModule statement must point to the path of the PHP
module on your system. The make install from above may have already
added this for you, but be sure to check.
For PHP 4:
LoadModule php4_module libexec/libphp4.so
For PHP 5:
LoadModule php5_module libexec/libphp5.so
15. And in the AddModule section of httpd.conf, somewhere under the
ClearModuleList, add this:
For PHP 4:
AddModule mod_php4.c
For PHP 5:
AddModule mod_php5.c
16. Tell Apache to parse certain extensions as PHP. For example,
let's have Apache parse the .php extension as PHP. You could
have any extension(s) parse as PHP by simply adding more, with
each separated by a space. We'll add .phtml to demonstrate.
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .phtml
It's also common to setup the .phps extension to show highlighted PHP
source, this can be done with:
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
17. Use your normal procedure for starting the Apache server. (You must
stop and restart the server, not just cause the server to reload by
using a HUP or USR1 signal.)
Depending on your Apache install and Unix variant, there are many
possible ways to stop and restart the server. Below are some typical
lines used in restarting the server, for different apache/unix
installations. You should replace /path/to/ with the path to these
applications on your systems.
Example 3-6. Example commands for restarting Apache
1. Several Linux and SysV variants:
/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd restart
2. Using apachectl scripts:
/path/to/apachectl stop
/path/to/apachectl start
3. httpdctl and httpsdctl (Using OpenSSL), similar to apachectl:
/path/to/httpsdctl stop
/path/to/httpsdctl start
4. Using mod_ssl, or another SSL server, you may want to manually
stop and start:
/path/to/apachectl stop
/path/to/apachectl startssl
The locations of the apachectl and http(s)dctl binaries often vary. If
your system has locate or whereis or which commands, these can assist
you in finding your server control programs.
Different examples of compiling PHP for apache are as follows:
./configure --with-apxs --with-pgsql
This will create a libphp4.so shared library that is loaded into
Apache using a LoadModule line in Apache's httpd.conf file. The
PostgreSQL support is embedded into this libphp4.so library.
./configure --with-apxs --with-pgsql=shared
This will create a libphp4.so shared library for Apache, but it will
also create a pgsql.so shared library that is loaded into PHP either
by using the extension directive in php.ini file or by loading it
explicitly in a script using the dl() function.
./configure --with-apache=/path/to/apache_source --with-pgsql
This will create a libmodphp4.a library, a mod_php4.c and some
accompanying files and copy this into the src/modules/php4 directory
in the Apache source tree. Then you compile Apache using
--activate-module=src/modules/php4/libphp4.a and the Apache build
system will create libphp4.a and link it statically into the httpd
binary. The PostgreSQL support is included directly into this httpd
binary, so the final result here is a single httpd binary that
includes all of Apache and all of PHP.
./configure --with-apache=/path/to/apache_source --with-pgsql=shared
Same as before, except instead of including PostgreSQL support
directly into the final httpd you will get a pgsql.so shared library
that you can load into PHP from either the php.ini file or directly
using dl().
When choosing to build PHP in different ways, you should consider the
advantages and drawbacks of each method. Building as a shared object
will mean that you can compile apache separately, and don't have to
recompile everything as you add to, or change, PHP. Building PHP into
apache (static method) means that PHP will load and run faster. For
more information, see the Apache webpage on DSO support.
Note: Apache's default httpd.conf currently ships with a section
that looks like this:
User nobody
Group "#-1"
Unless you change that to "Group nogroup" or something like that
("Group daemon" is also very common) PHP will not be able to open
files.
Note: Make sure you specify the installed version of apxs when
using --with-apxs=/path/to/apxs. You must NOT use the apxs version
that is in the apache sources but the one that is actually
installed on your system.
_________________________________________________________________
Apache 2.0 on Unix systems
This section contains notes and hints specific to Apache 2.0 installs
of PHP on Unix systems.
Warning
Do not use Apache 2.0.x and PHP in a production environment neither on
Unix nor on Windows. For information on why, read the following FAQ
entry
You are highly encouraged to take a look at the Apache Documentation
to get a basic understanding of the Apache 2.0 Server.
PHP and Apache 2.0.x compatibility notes: The following versions of
PHP are known to work with the most recent version of Apache 2.0.x:
* PHP 4.3.0 or later available at http://www.php.net/downloads.php.
* the latest stable development version. Get the source code
http://snaps.php.net/php4-latest.tar.gz or download binaries for
Windows http://snaps.php.net/win32/php4-win32-latest.zip.
* a prerelease version downloadable from http://qa.php.net/.
* you have always the option to obtain PHP through anonymous CVS.
These versions of PHP are compatible to Apache 2.0.40 and later.
Apache 2.0 SAPI-support started with PHP 4.2.0. PHP 4.2.3 works
with Apache 2.0.39, don't use any other version of Apache with PHP
4.2.3. However, the recommended setup is to use PHP 4.3.0 or later
with the most recent version of Apache2.
All mentioned versions of PHP will work still with Apache 1.3.x.
Download the most recent version of Apache 2.0 and a fitting PHP
version from the above mentioned places. This quick guide covers only
the basics to get started with Apache 2.0 and PHP. For more
information read the Apache Documentation. The version numbers have
been omitted here, to ensure the instructions are not incorrect. You
will need to replace the 'NN' here with the correct values from your
files.
Example 3-7. Installation Instructions (Apache 2 Shared Module
Version)
1. gzip -d httpd-2_0_NN.tar.gz
2. tar xvf httpd-2_0_NN.tar
3. gunzip php-NN.tar.gz
4. tar -xvf php-NN.tar
5. cd httpd-2_0_NN
6. ./configure --enable-so
7. make
8. make install
Now you have Apache 2.0.NN available under /usr/local/apache2,
configured with loadable module support and the standard MPM prefork.
To test the installation use your normal procedure for starting
the Apache server, e.g.:
/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start
and stop the server to go on with the configuration for PHP:
/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl stop.
9. cd ../php-NN
10. Now, configure your PHP. This is where you customize your PHP
with various options, like which extensions will be enabled. Do a
./configure --help for a list of available options. In our example
we'll do a simple configure with Apache 2 and MySQL support. Your
path to apxs may differ, in fact, the binary may even be named apxs2 on
your system.
./configure --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs --with-mysql
11. make
12. make install
If you decide to change your configure options after installation,
you only need to repeat the last three steps. You only need to
restart apache for the new module to take effect. A recompile of
Apache is not needed.
Note that unless told otherwise, 'make install' will also install PEAR,
various PHP tools such as phpize, install the PHP CLI, and more.
13. Setup your php.ini
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/lib/php.ini
You may edit your .ini file to set PHP options. If you prefer having
php.ini in another location, use --with-config-file-path=/some/path in
step 10.
If you instead choose php.ini-recommended, be certain to read the list
of changes within, as they affect how PHP behaves.
14. Edit your httpd.conf to load the PHP module. The path on the right hand
side of the LoadModule statement must point to the path of the PHP
module on your system. The make install from above may have already
added this for you, but be sure to check.
For PHP 4:
LoadModule php4_module libexec/libphp4.so
For PHP 5:
LoadModule php5_module libexec/libphp5.so
15. Tell Apache to parse certain extensions as PHP. For example,
let's have Apache parse the .php extension as PHP. You could
have any extension(s) parse as PHP by simply adding more, with
each separated by a space. We'll add .phtml to demonstrate.
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .phtml
It's also common to setup the .phps extension to show highlighted PHP
source, this can be done with:
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
16. Use your normal procedure for starting the Apache server, e.g.:
/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start
Following the steps above you will have a running Apache 2.0 with
support for PHP as SAPI module. Of course there are many more
configuration options available for both, Apache and PHP. For more
information use ./configure --help in the corresponding source tree.
In case you wish to build a multithreaded version of Apache 2.0 you
must overwrite the standard MPM-Module prefork either with worker or
perchild. To do so append to your configure line in step 6 above
either the option --with-mpm=worker or --with-mpm=perchild. Take care
about the consequences and understand what you are doing. For more
information read the Apache documentation about the MPM-Modules.
Note: To build a multithreaded version of Apache your system must
support threads. This also implies to build PHP with experimental
Zend Thread Safety (ZTS). Therefore not all extensions might be
available. The recommended setup is to build Apache with the
standard prefork MPM-Module.
_________________________________________________________________
Caudium
PHP 4 can be built as a Pike module for the Caudium webserver. Note
that this is not supported with PHP 3. Follow the simple instructions
below to install PHP 4 for Caudium.
Example 3-8. Caudium Installation Instructions
1. Make sure you have Caudium installed prior to attempting to
install PHP 4. For PHP 4 to work correctly, you will need Pike
7.0.268 or newer. For the sake of this example we assume that
Caudium is installed in /opt/caudium/server/.
2. Change directory to php-x.y.z (where x.y.z is the version number).
3. ./configure --with-caudium=/opt/caudium/server
4. make
5. make install
6. Restart Caudium if it's currently running.
7. Log into the graphical configuration interface and go to the
virtual server where you want to add PHP 4 support.
8. Click Add Module and locate and then add the PHP 4 Script Support module.
9. If the documentation says that the 'PHP 4 interpreter isn't
available', make sure that you restarted the server. If you did
check /opt/caudium/logs/debug/default.1 for any errors related to
<filename>PHP4.so</filename>. Also make sure that
<filename>caudium/server/lib/[pike-version]/PHP4.so</filename>
is present.
10. Configure the PHP Script Support module if needed.
You can of course compile your Caudium module with support for the
various extensions available in PHP 4. See the reference pages for
extension specific configure options.
Note: When compiling PHP 4 with MySQL support you must make sure
that the normal MySQL client code is used. Otherwise there might be
conflicts if your Pike already has MySQL support. You do this by
specifying a MySQL install directory the --with-mysql option.
_________________________________________________________________
fhttpd related notes
To build PHP as an fhttpd module, answer "yes" to "Build as an fhttpd
module?" (the --with-fhttpd=DIR option to configure) and specify the
fhttpd source base directory. The default directory is
/usr/local/src/fhttpd. If you are running fhttpd, building PHP as a
module will give better performance, more control and remote execution
capability.
Note: Support for fhttpd is no longer available as of PHP 4.3.0.
_________________________________________________________________
Sun, iPlanet and Netscape servers on Sun Solaris
This section contains notes and hints specific to Sun Java System Web
Server, Sun ONE Web Server, iPlanet and Netscape server installs of
PHP on Sun Solaris.
From PHP 4.3.3 on you can use PHP scripts with the NSAPI module to
generate custom directory listings and error pages. Additional
functions for Apache compatibility are also available. For support in
current webservers read the note about subrequests.
You can find more information about setting up PHP for the Netscape
Enterprise Server (NES) here:
http://benoit.noss.free.fr/php/install-php4.html
To build PHP with Sun JSWS/Sun ONE WS/iPlanet/Netscape webservers,
enter the proper install directory for the --with-nsapi=[DIR] option.
The default directory is usually /opt/netscape/suitespot/. Please also
read /php-xxx-version/sapi/nsapi/nsapi-readme.txt.
1. Install the following packages from http://www.sunfreeware.com/ or
another download site:
autoconf-2.13
automake-1.4
bison-1_25-sol26-sparc-local
flex-2_5_4a-sol26-sparc-local
gcc-2_95_2-sol26-sparc-local
gzip-1.2.4-sol26-sparc-local
m4-1_4-sol26-sparc-local
make-3_76_1-sol26-sparc-local
mysql-3.23.24-beta (if you want mysql support)
perl-5_005_03-sol26-sparc-local
tar-1.13 (GNU tar)
2. Make sure your path includes the proper directories
PATH=.:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/ccs/bin and make it
available to your system export PATH.
3. gunzip php-x.x.x.tar.gz (if you have a .gz dist, otherwise go to
4).
4. tar xvf php-x.x.x.tar
5. Change to your extracted PHP directory: cd ../php-x.x.x
6. For the following step, make sure /opt/netscape/suitespot/ is
where your netscape server is installed. Otherwise, change to the
correct path and run:
./configure --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql \
--with-nsapi=/opt/netscape/suitespot/ \
--enable-libgcc
7. Run make followed by make install.
After performing the base install and reading the appropriate readme
file, you may need to perform some additional configuration steps.
Configuration Instructions for Sun/iPlanet/Netscape. Firstly you may
need to add some paths to the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment for the
server to find all the shared libs. This can best done in the start
script for your webserver. The start script is often located in:
/path/to/server/https-servername/start. You may also need to edit the
configuration files that are located in:
/path/to/server/https-servername/config/.
1. Add the following line to mime.types (you can do that by the
administration server):
type=magnus-internal/x-httpd-php exts=php
2. Edit magnus.conf (for servers >= 6) or obj.conf (for servers < 6)
and add the following, shlib will vary depending on your system,
it will be something like /opt/netscape/suitespot/bin/libphp4.so.
You should place the following lines after mime types init.
Init fn="load-modules" funcs="php4_init,php4_execute,php4_auth_trans" shlib="/o
pt/netscape/suitespot/bin/libphp4.so"
Init fn="php4_init" LateInit="yes" errorString="Failed to initialize PHP!" [php
_ini="/path/to/php.ini"]
(PHP >= 4.3.3) The php_ini parameter is optional but with it you
can place your php.ini in your webserver config directory.
3. Configure the default object in obj.conf (for virtual server
classes [version 6.0+] in their vserver.obj.conf):
<Object name="default">
.
.
.
.#NOTE this next line should happen after all 'ObjectType' and before all 'AddL
og' lines
Service fn="php4_execute" type="magnus-internal/x-httpd-php" [inikey=value inik
ey=value ...]
.
.
</Object>
(PHP >= 4.3.3) As additional parameters you can add some special
php.ini-values, for example you can set a
docroot="/path/to/docroot" specific to the context php4_execute is
called. For boolean ini-keys please use 0/1 as value, not
"On","Off",... (this will not work correctly), e.g.
zlib.output_compression=1 instead of zlib.output_compression="On"
4. This is only needed if you want to configure a directory that only
consists of PHP scripts (same like a cgi-bin directory):
<Object name="x-httpd-php">
ObjectType fn="force-type" type="magnus-internal/x-httpd-php"
Service fn=php4_execute [inikey=value inikey=value ...]
</Object>
After that you can configure a directory in the Administration
server and assign it the style x-httpd-php. All files in it will
get executed as PHP. This is nice to hide PHP usage by renaming
files to .html.
5. Setup of authentication: PHP authentication cannot be used with
any other authentication. ALL AUTHENTICATION IS PASSED TO YOUR PHP
SCRIPT. To configure PHP Authentication for the entire server, add
the following line to your default object:
<Object name="default">
AuthTrans fn=php4_auth_trans
.
.
.
</Object>
6. To use PHP Authentication on a single directory, add the
following:
<Object ppath="d:\path\to\authenticated\dir\*">
AuthTrans fn=php4_auth_trans
</Object>
Note: The stacksize that PHP uses depends on the configuration of
the webserver. If you get crashes with very large PHP scripts, it
is recommended to raise it with the Admin Server (in the section
"MAGNUS EDITOR").
_________________________________________________________________
CGI environment and recommended modifications in php.ini
Important when writing PHP scripts is the fact that Sun JSWS/Sun ONE
WS/iPlanet/Netscape is a multithreaded web server. Because of that all
requests are running in the same process space (the space of the
webserver itself) and this space has only one environment. If you want
to get CGI variables like PATH_INFO, HTTP_HOST etc. it is not the
correct way to try this in the old PHP 3.x way with getenv() or a
similar way (register globals to environment, $_ENV). You would only
get the environment of the running webserver without any valid CGI
variables!
Note: Why are there (invalid) CGI variables in the environment?
Answer: This is because you started the webserver process from the
admin server which runs the startup script of the webserver, you
wanted to start, as a CGI script (a CGI script inside of the admin
server!). This is why the environment of the started webserver has
some CGI environment variables in it. You can test this by starting
the webserver not from the administration server. Use the command
line as root user and start it manually - you will see there are no
CGI-like environment variables.
Simply change your scripts to get CGI variables in the correct way for
PHP 4.x by using the superglobal $_SERVER. If you have older scripts
which use $HTTP_HOST, etc., you should turn on register_globals in
php.ini and change the variable order too (important: remove "E" from
it, because you do not need the environment here):
variables_order = "GPCS"
register_globals = On
_________________________________________________________________
Special use for error pages or self-made directory listings (PHP >= 4.3.3)
You can use PHP to generate the error pages for "404 Not Found" or
similar. Add the following line to the object in obj.conf for every
error page you want to overwrite:
Error fn="php4_execute" code=XXX script="/path/to/script.php" [inikey=value ini
key=value...]
where XXX is the HTTP error code. Please delete any other Error
directives which could interfere with yours. If you want to place a
page for all errors that could exist, leave the code parameter out.
Your script can get the HTTP status code with $_SERVER['ERROR_TYPE'].
Another possibility is to generate self-made directory listings. Just
create a PHP script which displays a directory listing and replace the
corresponding default Service line for
type="magnus-internal/directory" in obj.conf with the following:
Service fn="php4_execute" type="magnus-internal/directory" script="/path/to/scr
ipt.php" [inikey=value inikey=value...]
For both error and directory listing pages the original URI and
translated URI are in the variables $_SERVER['PATH_INFO'] and
$_SERVER['PATH_TRANSLATED'].
_________________________________________________________________
Note about nsapi_virtual() and subrequests (PHP >= 4.3.3)
The NSAPI module now supports the nsapi_virtual() function (alias:
virtual()) to make subrequests on the webserver and insert the result
in the webpage. This function uses some undocumented features from the
NSAPI library. On Unix the module automatically looks for the needed
functions and uses them if available. If not, nsapi_virtual() is
disabled.
Note: But be warned: Support for nsapi_virtual() is EXPERIMENTAL!!!
_________________________________________________________________
CGI and commandline setups
The default is to build PHP as a CGI program. This creates a
commandline interpreter, which can be used for CGI processing, or for
non-web-related PHP scripting. If you are running a web server PHP has
module support for, you should generally go for that solution for
performance reasons. However, the CGI version enables users to run
different PHP-enabled pages under different user-ids.
Warning
By using the CGI setup, your server is open to several possible
attacks. Please read our CGI security section to learn how to defend
yourself from those attacks.
As of PHP 4.3.0, some important additions have happened to PHP. A new
SAPI named CLI also exists and it has the same name as the CGI binary.
What is installed at {PREFIX}/bin/php depends on your configure line
and this is described in detail in the manual section named Using PHP
from the command line. For further details please read that section of
the manual.
_________________________________________________________________
Testing
If you have built PHP as a CGI program, you may test your build by
typing make test. It is always a good idea to test your build. This
way you may catch a problem with PHP on your platform early instead of
having to struggle with it later.
_________________________________________________________________
Benchmarking
If you have built PHP 3 as a CGI program, you may benchmark your build
by typing make bench. Note that if safe mode is on by default, the
benchmark may not be able to finish if it takes longer then the 30
seconds allowed. This is because the set_time_limit() can not be used
in safe mode. Use the max_execution_time configuration setting to
control this time for your own scripts. make bench ignores the
configuration file.
Note: make bench is only available for PHP 3.
_________________________________________________________________
Using Variables
Some server supplied environment variables are not defined in the
current CGI/1.1 specification. Only the following variables are
defined there: AUTH_TYPE, CONTENT_LENGTH, CONTENT_TYPE,
GATEWAY_INTERFACE, PATH_INFO, PATH_TRANSLATED, QUERY_STRING,
REMOTE_ADDR, REMOTE_HOST, REMOTE_IDENT, REMOTE_USER, REQUEST_METHOD,
SCRIPT_NAME, SERVER_NAME, SERVER_PORT, SERVER_PROTOCOL, and
SERVER_SOFTWARE. Everything else should be treated as 'vendor
extensions'.
_________________________________________________________________
Chapter 4. Problems?
Read the FAQ
Some problems are more common than others. The most common ones are
listed in the PHP FAQ, part of this manual.
_________________________________________________________________
Other problems
If you are still stuck, someone on the PHP installation mailing list
may be able to help you. You should check out the archive first, in
case someone already answered someone else who had the same problem as
you. The archives are available from the support page on
http://www.php.net/support.php. To subscribe to the PHP installation
mailing list, send an empty mail to
php-install-subscribe@lists.php.net. The mailing list address is
php-install@lists.php.net.
If you want to get help on the mailing list, please try to be precise
and give the necessary details about your environment (which operating
system, what PHP version, what web server, if you are running PHP as
CGI or a server module, safe mode, etc...), and preferably enough code
to make others able to reproduce and test your problem.
_________________________________________________________________
Bug reports
If you think you have found a bug in PHP, please report it. The PHP
developers probably don't know about it, and unless you report it,
chances are it won't be fixed. You can report bugs using the
bug-tracking system at http://bugs.php.net/. Please do not send bug
reports in mailing list or personal letters. The bug system is also
suitable to submit feature requests.
Read the How to report a bug document before submitting any bug
reports!
_________________________________________________________________
Chapter 5. Runtime Configuration
The configuration file
The configuration file (called php3.ini in PHP 3, and simply php.ini
as of PHP 4) is read when PHP starts up. For the server module
versions of PHP, this happens only once when the web server is
started. For the CGI and CLI version, it happens on every invocation.
The default location of php.ini is a compile time option (see the FAQ
entry), but can be changed for the CGI and CLI version with the -c
command line switch, see the chapter about using PHP from the command
line. You can also use the environment variable PHPRC for an
additional path to search for a php.ini file.
If php-SAPI.ini exists (where SAPI is used SAPI, so the filename is
e.g. php-cli.ini or php-apache.ini), it's used instead of php.ini.
Note: The Apache web server changes the directory to root at
startup causing PHP to attempt to read php.ini from the root
filesystem if it exists.
The php.ini directives handled by extensions are documented
respectively on the pages of the extensions themselfs. The list of the
core directives is available in the appendix. Probably not all the PHP
directives are documented in the manual though. For a completel list
of directives available in your PHP version, please read your well
commented php.ini file. Alternatively, you may find the the latest
php.ini from CVS helpful too.
Example 5-1. php.ini example
; any text on a line after an unquoted semicolon (;) is ignored
[php] ; section markers (text within square brackets) are also ignored
; Boolean values can be set to either:
; true, on, yes
; or false, off, no, none
register_globals = off
track_errors = yes
; you can enclose strings in double-quotes
include_path = ".:/usr/local/lib/php"
; backslashes are treated the same as any other character
include_path = ".;c:\php\lib"
_________________________________________________________________
How to change configuration settings
Running PHP as an Apache module
When using PHP as an Apache module, you can also change the
configuration settings using directives in Apache configuration files
(e.g. httpd.conf) and .htaccess files. You will need "AllowOverride
Options" or "AllowOverride All" privileges to do so.
With PHP 4 and PHP 5, there are several Apache directives that allow
you to change the PHP configuration from within the Apache
configuration files. For a listing of which directives are
PHP_INI_ALL, PHP_INI_PERDIR, or PHP_INI_SYSTEM, have a look at the
table found within the ini_set() documentation.
Note: With PHP 3, there are Apache directives that correspond to
each configuration setting in the php3.ini name, except the name is
prefixed by "php3_".
php_value name value
Sets the value of the specified directive. Can be used only
with PHP_INI_ALL and PHP_INI_PERDIR type directives. To clear a
previously set value use none as the value.
Note: Don't use php_value to set boolean values. php_flag (see
below) should be used instead.
php_flag name on|off
Used to set a boolean configuration directive. Can be used only
with PHP_INI_ALL and PHP_INI_PERDIR type directives.
php_admin_value name value
Sets the value of the specified directive. This can not be used
in .htaccess files. Any directive type set with php_admin_value
can not be overridden by .htaccess or virtualhost directives.
To clear a previously set value use none as the value.
php_admin_flag name on|off
Used to set a boolean configuration directive. This can not be
used in .htaccess files. Any directive type set with
php_admin_flag can not be overridden by .htaccess or
virtualhost directives.
Example 5-2. Apache configuration example
<IfModule mod_php5.c>
php_value include_path ".:/usr/local/lib/php"
php_admin_flag safe_mode on
</IfModule>
<IfModule mod_php4.c>
php_value include_path ".:/usr/local/lib/php"
php_admin_flag safe_mode on
</IfModule>
<IfModule mod_php3.c>
php3_include_path ".:/usr/local/lib/php"
php3_safe_mode on
</IfModule>
Caution
PHP constants do not exist outside of PHP. For example, in httpd.conf
you can not use PHP constants such as E_ALL or E_NOTICE to set the
error_reporting directive as they will have no meaning and will
evaluate to 0. Use the associated bitmask values instead. These
constants can be used in php.ini
_________________________________________________________________
Changing PHP configuration via the Windows registry
When running PHP on Windows, the configuration values can be modified
on a per-directory basis using the Windows registry. The configuration
values are stored in the registry key HKLM\SOFTWARE\PHP\Per Directory
Values, in the sub-keys corresponding to the path names. For example,
configuration values for the directory c:\inetpub\wwwroot would be
stored in the key HKLM\SOFTWARE\PHP\Per Directory
Values\c\inetpub\wwwroot. The settings for the directory would be
active for any script running from this directory or any subdirectory
of it. The values under the key should have the name of the PHP
configuration directive and the string value. PHP constants in the
values are not parsed.
_________________________________________________________________
Other interfaces to PHP
Regardless of how you run PHP, you can change certain values at
runtime of your scripts through ini_set(). See the documentation on
the ini_set() page for more information.
If you are interested in a complete list of configuration settings on
your system with their current values, you can execute the phpinfo()
function, and review the resulting page. You can also access the
values of individual configuration directives at runtime using
ini_get() or get_cfg_var().
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