Installing PHP _________________________________________________________________ Table of Contents Preface 1. General Installation Considerations 2. Installation on Unix systems Apache 1.3.x on Unix systems Apache 2.0 on Unix systems Caudium fhttpd related notes Sun, iPlanet and Netscape servers on Sun Solaris CGI and commandline setups HP-UX specific installation notes OpenBSD installation notes Solaris specific installation tips Gentoo installation notes 3. Installation on Mac OS X Using Packages Compiling for OS X Server Compiling for MacOS X Client 4. Installation of PECL extensions Introduction to PECL Installations Downloading PECL extensions PECL for Windows users Compiling shared PECL extensions with PEAR Compiling shared PECL extensions with phpize Compiling PECL extensions statically into PHP 5. Problems? Read the FAQ Other problems Bug reports 6. Runtime Configuration The configuration file How to change configuration settings _________________________________________________________________ Preface These installation instructions were generated from the HTML version of the PHP Manual so formatting and linking have been altered. See the online and updated version at: http://php.net/install.unix _________________________________________________________________ Chapter 1. General Installation Considerations Before starting the installation, first you need to know what do you want to use PHP for. There are three main fields you can use PHP, as described in the What can PHP do? section: * Server-side scripting * Command line scripting * Client-side GUI applications For the first and most common form, you need three things: PHP itself, a web server and a web browser. You probably already have a web browser, and depending on your operating system setup, you may also have a web server (e.g. Apache on Linux and MacOS X; IIS on Windows). You may also rent webspace at a company. This way, you don't need to set up anything on your own, only write your PHP scripts, upload it to the server you rent, and see the results in your browser. While setting up the server and PHP on your own, you have two choices for the method of connecting PHP to the server. For many servers PHP has a direct module interface (also called SAPI). These servers include Apache, Microsoft Internet Information Server, Netscape and iPlanet servers. Many other servers have support for ISAPI, the Microsoft module interface (OmniHTTPd for example). If PHP has no module support for your web server, you can always use it as a CGI or FastCGI processor. This means you set up your server to use the CGI executable of PHP to process all PHP file requests on the server. If you are also interested to use PHP for command line scripting (e.g. write scripts autogenerating some images for you offline, or processing text files depending on some arguments you pass to them), you always need the command line executable. For more information, read the section about writing command line PHP applications. In this case, you need no server and no browser. With PHP you can also write desktop GUI applications using the PHP-GTK extension. This is a completely different approach than writing web pages, as you do not output any HTML, but manage windows and objects within them. For more information about PHP-GTK, please visit the site dedicated to this extension. PHP-GTK is not included in the official PHP distribution. From now on, this section deals with setting up PHP for web servers on Unix and Windows with server module interfaces and CGI executables. You will also find information on the command line executable in the following sections. PHP source code and binary distributions for Windows can be found at http://www.php.net/downloads.php. We recommend you to choose a mirror nearest to you for downloading the distributions. _________________________________________________________________ Chapter 2. Installation on Unix systems This section will guide you through the general configuration and installation of PHP on Unix systems. Be sure to investigate any sections specific to your platform or web server before you begin the process. As our manual outlines in the General Installation Considerations section, we are mainly dealing with web centric setups of PHP in this section, although we will cover setting up PHP for command line usage as well. There are several ways to install PHP for the Unix platform, either with a compile and configure process, or through various pre-packaged methods. This documentation is mainly focused around the process of compiling and configuring PHP. Many Unix like systems have some sort of package installation system. This can assist in setting up a standard configuration, but if you need to have a different set of features (such as a secure server, or a different database driver), you may need to build PHP and/or your webserver. If you are unfamiliar with building and compiling your own software, it is worth checking to see whether somebody has already built a packaged version of PHP with the features you need. Prerequisite knowledge and software for compiling: * Basic Unix skills (being able to operate "make" and a C compiler) * An ANSI C compiler * flex: Version 2.5.4 * bison: Version 1.28 (preferred), 1.35, or 1.75 * A web server * Any module specific components (such as gd, pdf libs, etc.) The initial PHP setup and configuration process is controlled by the use of the commandline options of the configure script. You could get a list of all available options along with short explanations running ./configure --help. Our manual documents the different options separately. You will find the core options in the appendix, while the different extension specific options are descibed on the reference pages. When PHP is configured, you are ready to build the module and/or executables. The command make should take care of this. If it fails and you can't figure out why, see the Problems section. _________________________________________________________________ Apache 1.3.x on Unix systems This section contains notes and hints specific to Apache installs of PHP on Unix platforms. We also have instructions and notes for Apache 2 on a separate page. You can select arguments to add to the configure on line 10 below from the list of core configure options and from extension specific options described at the respective places in the manual. The version numbers have been omitted here, to ensure the instructions are not incorrect. You will need to replace the 'xxx' here with the correct values from your files. Example 2-1. Installation Instructions (Apache Shared Module Version) for PHP 1. gunzip apache_xxx.tar.gz 2. tar -xvf apache_xxx.tar 3. gunzip php-xxx.tar.gz 4. tar -xvf php-xxx.tar 5. cd apache_xxx 6. ./configure --prefix=/www --enable-module=so 7. make 8. make install 9. cd ../php-xxx 10. Now, configure your PHP. This is where you customize your PHP with various options, like which extensions will be enabled. Do a ./configure --help for a list of available options. In our example we'll do a simple configure with Apache 1 and MySQL support. Your path to apxs may differ from our example. ./configure --with-mysql --with-apxs=/www/bin/apxs 11. make 12. make install If you decide to change your configure options after installation, you only need to repeat the last three steps. You only need to restart apache for the new module to take effect. A recompile of Apache is not needed. Note that unless told otherwise, 'make install' will also install PEAR, various PHP tools such as phpize, install the PHP CLI, and more. 13. Setup your php.ini file: cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/lib/php.ini You may edit your .ini file to set PHP options. If you prefer your php.ini in another location, use --with-config-file-path=/some/path in step 10. If you instead choose php.ini-recommended, be certain to read the list of changes within, as they affect how PHP behaves. 14. Edit your httpd.conf to load the PHP module. The path on the right hand side of the LoadModule statement must point to the path of the PHP module on your system. The make install from above may have already added this for you, but be sure to check. For PHP 4: LoadModule php4_module libexec/libphp4.so For PHP 5: LoadModule php5_module libexec/libphp5.so 15. And in the AddModule section of httpd.conf, somewhere under the ClearModuleList, add this: For PHP 4: AddModule mod_php4.c For PHP 5: AddModule mod_php5.c 16. Tell Apache to parse certain extensions as PHP. For example, let's have Apache parse the .php extension as PHP. You could have any extension(s) parse as PHP by simply adding more, with each separated by a space. We'll add .phtml to demonstrate. AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .phtml It's also common to setup the .phps extension to show highlighted PHP source, this can be done with: AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps 17. Use your normal procedure for starting the Apache server. (You must stop and restart the server, not just cause the server to reload by using a HUP or USR1 signal.) Alternatively, to install PHP as a static object: Example 2-2. Installation Instructions (Static Module Installation for Apache) for PHP 1. gunzip -c apache_1.3.x.tar.gz | tar xf - 2. cd apache_1.3.x 3. ./configure 4. cd .. 5. gunzip -c php-4.x.y.tar.gz | tar xf - 6. cd php-4.x.y 7. ./configure --with-mysql --with-apache=../apache_1.3.x 8. make 9. make install 10. cd ../apache_1.3.x 11. ./configure --prefix=/www --activate-module=src/modules/php4/libphp4.a (The above line is correct! Yes, we know libphp4.a does not exist at this stage. It isn't supposed to. It will be created.) 12. make (you should now have an httpd binary which you can copy to your Apache bin dir if is is your first install then you need to "make install" as well) 13. cd ../php-4.x.y 14. cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/lib/php.ini 15. You can edit /usr/local/lib/php.ini file to set PHP options. Edit your httpd.conf or srm.conf file and add: AddType application/x-httpd-php .php Depending on your Apache install and Unix variant, there are many possible ways to stop and restart the server. Below are some typical lines used in restarting the server, for different apache/unix installations. You should replace /path/to/ with the path to these applications on your systems. Example 2-3. Example commands for restarting Apache 1. Several Linux and SysV variants: /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd restart 2. Using apachectl scripts: /path/to/apachectl stop /path/to/apachectl start 3. httpdctl and httpsdctl (Using OpenSSL), similar to apachectl: /path/to/httpsdctl stop /path/to/httpsdctl start 4. Using mod_ssl, or another SSL server, you may want to manually stop and start: /path/to/apachectl stop /path/to/apachectl startssl The locations of the apachectl and http(s)dctl binaries often vary. If your system has locate or whereis or which commands, these can assist you in finding your server control programs. Different examples of compiling PHP for apache are as follows: ./configure --with-apxs --with-pgsql This will create a libphp4.so shared library that is loaded into Apache using a LoadModule line in Apache's httpd.conf file. The PostgreSQL support is embedded into this libphp4.so library. ./configure --with-apxs --with-pgsql=shared This will create a libphp4.so shared library for Apache, but it will also create a pgsql.so shared library that is loaded into PHP either by using the extension directive in php.ini file or by loading it explicitly in a script using the dl() function. ./configure --with-apache=/path/to/apache_source --with-pgsql This will create a libmodphp4.a library, a mod_php4.c and some accompanying files and copy this into the src/modules/php4 directory in the Apache source tree. Then you compile Apache using --activate-module=src/modules/php4/libphp4.a and the Apache build system will create libphp4.a and link it statically into the httpd binary. The PostgreSQL support is included directly into this httpd binary, so the final result here is a single httpd binary that includes all of Apache and all of PHP. ./configure --with-apache=/path/to/apache_source --with-pgsql=shared Same as before, except instead of including PostgreSQL support directly into the final httpd you will get a pgsql.so shared library that you can load into PHP from either the php.ini file or directly using dl(). When choosing to build PHP in different ways, you should consider the advantages and drawbacks of each method. Building as a shared object will mean that you can compile apache separately, and don't have to recompile everything as you add to, or change, PHP. Building PHP into apache (static method) means that PHP will load and run faster. For more information, see the Apache webpage on DSO support. Note: Apache's default httpd.conf currently ships with a section that looks like this: User nobody Group "#-1" Unless you change that to "Group nogroup" or something like that ("Group daemon" is also very common) PHP will not be able to open files. Note: Make sure you specify the installed version of apxs when using --with-apxs=/path/to/apxs. You must NOT use the apxs version that is in the apache sources but the one that is actually installed on your system. _________________________________________________________________ Apache 2.0 on Unix systems This section contains notes and hints specific to Apache 2.0 installs of PHP on Unix systems. Warning We do not recommend using a threaded MPM in production with Apache2. Use the prefork MPM instead, or use Apache1. For information on why, read the related FAQ entry on using Apache2 with a threaded MPM You are highly encouraged to take a look at the Apache Documentation to get a basic understanding of the Apache 2.0 Server. PHP and Apache 2.0.x compatibility notes: The following versions of PHP are known to work with the most recent version of Apache 2.0.x: * PHP 4.3.0 or later available at http://www.php.net/downloads.php. * the latest stable development version. Get the source code http://snaps.php.net/php4-latest.tar.gz or download binaries for Windows http://snaps.php.net/win32/php4-win32-latest.zip. * a prerelease version downloadable from http://qa.php.net/. * you have always the option to obtain PHP through anonymous CVS. These versions of PHP are compatible to Apache 2.0.40 and later. Apache 2.0 SAPI-support started with PHP 4.2.0. PHP 4.2.3 works with Apache 2.0.39, don't use any other version of Apache with PHP 4.2.3. However, the recommended setup is to use PHP 4.3.0 or later with the most recent version of Apache2. All mentioned versions of PHP will work still with Apache 1.3.x. Download the most recent version of Apache 2.0 and a fitting PHP version from the above mentioned places. This quick guide covers only the basics to get started with Apache 2.0 and PHP. For more information read the Apache Documentation. The version numbers have been omitted here, to ensure the instructions are not incorrect. You will need to replace the 'NN' here with the correct values from your files. Example 2-4. Installation Instructions (Apache 2 Shared Module Version) 1. gzip -d httpd-2_0_NN.tar.gz 2. tar xvf httpd-2_0_NN.tar 3. gunzip php-NN.tar.gz 4. tar -xvf php-NN.tar 5. cd httpd-2_0_NN 6. ./configure --enable-so 7. make 8. make install Now you have Apache 2.0.NN available under /usr/local/apache2, configured with loadable module support and the standard MPM prefork. To test the installation use your normal procedure for starting the Apache server, e.g.: /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start and stop the server to go on with the configuration for PHP: /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl stop. 9. cd ../php-NN 10. Now, configure your PHP. This is where you customize your PHP with various options, like which extensions will be enabled. Do a ./configure --help for a list of available options. In our example we'll do a simple configure with Apache 2 and MySQL support. Your path to apxs may differ, in fact, the binary may even be named apxs2 on your system. ./configure --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs --with-mysql 11. make 12. make install If you decide to change your configure options after installation, you only need to repeat the last three steps. You only need to restart apache for the new module to take effect. A recompile of Apache is not needed. Note that unless told otherwise, 'make install' will also install PEAR, various PHP tools such as phpize, install the PHP CLI, and more. 13. Setup your php.ini cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/lib/php.ini You may edit your .ini file to set PHP options. If you prefer having php.ini in another location, use --with-config-file-path=/some/path in step 10. If you instead choose php.ini-recommended, be certain to read the list of changes within, as they affect how PHP behaves. 14. Edit your httpd.conf to load the PHP module. The path on the right hand side of the LoadModule statement must point to the path of the PHP module on your system. The make install from above may have already added this for you, but be sure to check. For PHP 4: LoadModule php4_module libexec/libphp4.so For PHP 5: LoadModule php5_module libexec/libphp5.so 15. Tell Apache to parse certain extensions as PHP. For example, let's have Apache parse the .php extension as PHP. You could have any extension(s) parse as PHP by simply adding more, with each separated by a space. We'll add .phtml to demonstrate. AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .phtml It's also common to setup the .phps extension to show highlighted PHP source, this can be done with: AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps 16. Use your normal procedure for starting the Apache server, e.g.: /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start Following the steps above you will have a running Apache 2.0 with support for PHP as SAPI module. Of course there are many more configuration options available for both, Apache and PHP. For more information use ./configure --help in the corresponding source tree. In case you wish to build a multithreaded version of Apache 2.0 you must overwrite the standard MPM-Module prefork either with worker or perchild. To do so append to your configure line in step 6 above either the option --with-mpm=worker or --with-mpm=perchild. Take care about the consequences and understand what you are doing. For more information read the Apache documentation about the MPM-Modules. Note: If you want to use content negotiation, read the Apache MultiViews FAQ. Note: To build a multithreaded version of Apache your system must support threads. This also implies to build PHP with experimental Zend Thread Safety (ZTS). Therefore not all extensions might be available. The recommended setup is to build Apache with the standard prefork MPM-Module. _________________________________________________________________ Caudium PHP 4 can be built as a Pike module for the Caudium webserver. Note that this is not supported with PHP 3. Follow the simple instructions below to install PHP 4 for Caudium. Example 2-5. Caudium Installation Instructions 1. Make sure you have Caudium installed prior to attempting to install PHP 4. For PHP 4 to work correctly, you will need Pike 7.0.268 or newer. For the sake of this example we assume that Caudium is installed in /opt/caudium/server/. 2. Change directory to php-x.y.z (where x.y.z is the version number). 3. ./configure --with-caudium=/opt/caudium/server 4. make 5. make install 6. Restart Caudium if it's currently running. 7. Log into the graphical configuration interface and go to the virtual server where you want to add PHP 4 support. 8. Click Add Module and locate and then add the PHP 4 Script Support module. 9. If the documentation says that the 'PHP 4 interpreter isn't available', make sure that you restarted the server. If you did check /opt/caudium/logs/debug/default.1 for any errors related to PHP4.so. Also make sure that caudium/server/lib/[pike-version]/PHP4.so is present. 10. Configure the PHP Script Support module if needed. You can of course compile your Caudium module with support for the various extensions available in PHP 4. See the reference pages for extension specific configure options. Note: When compiling PHP 4 with MySQL support you must make sure that the normal MySQL client code is used. Otherwise there might be conflicts if your Pike already has MySQL support. You do this by specifying a MySQL install directory the --with-mysql option. _________________________________________________________________ fhttpd related notes To build PHP as an fhttpd module, answer "yes" to "Build as an fhttpd module?" (the --with-fhttpd=DIR option to configure) and specify the fhttpd source base directory. The default directory is /usr/local/src/fhttpd. If you are running fhttpd, building PHP as a module will give better performance, more control and remote execution capability. Note: Support for fhttpd is no longer available as of PHP 4.3.0. _________________________________________________________________ Sun, iPlanet and Netscape servers on Sun Solaris This section contains notes and hints specific to Sun Java System Web Server, Sun ONE Web Server, iPlanet and Netscape server installs of PHP on Sun Solaris. From PHP 4.3.3 on you can use PHP scripts with the NSAPI module to generate custom directory listings and error pages. Additional functions for Apache compatibility are also available. For support in current webservers read the note about subrequests. You can find more information about setting up PHP for the Netscape Enterprise Server (NES) here: http://benoit.noss.free.fr/php/install-php4.html To build PHP with Sun JSWS/Sun ONE WS/iPlanet/Netscape webservers, enter the proper install directory for the --with-nsapi=[DIR] option. The default directory is usually /opt/netscape/suitespot/. Please also read /php-xxx-version/sapi/nsapi/nsapi-readme.txt. 1. Install the following packages from http://www.sunfreeware.com/ or another download site: autoconf-2.13 automake-1.4 bison-1_25-sol26-sparc-local flex-2_5_4a-sol26-sparc-local gcc-2_95_2-sol26-sparc-local gzip-1.2.4-sol26-sparc-local m4-1_4-sol26-sparc-local make-3_76_1-sol26-sparc-local mysql-3.23.24-beta (if you want mysql support) perl-5_005_03-sol26-sparc-local tar-1.13 (GNU tar) 2. Make sure your path includes the proper directories PATH=.:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/ccs/bin and make it available to your system export PATH. 3. gunzip php-x.x.x.tar.gz (if you have a .gz dist, otherwise go to 4). 4. tar xvf php-x.x.x.tar 5. Change to your extracted PHP directory: cd ../php-x.x.x 6. For the following step, make sure /opt/netscape/suitespot/ is where your netscape server is installed. Otherwise, change to the correct path and run: ./configure --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql \ --with-nsapi=/opt/netscape/suitespot/ \ --enable-libgcc 7. Run make followed by make install. After performing the base install and reading the appropriate readme file, you may need to perform some additional configuration steps. Configuration Instructions for Sun/iPlanet/Netscape. Firstly you may need to add some paths to the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment for the server to find all the shared libs. This can best done in the start script for your webserver. The start script is often located in: /path/to/server/https-servername/start. You may also need to edit the configuration files that are located in: /path/to/server/https-servername/config/. 1. Add the following line to mime.types (you can do that by the administration server): type=magnus-internal/x-httpd-php exts=php 2. Edit magnus.conf (for servers >= 6) or obj.conf (for servers < 6) and add the following, shlib will vary depending on your system, it will be something like /opt/netscape/suitespot/bin/libphp4.so. You should place the following lines after mime types init. Init fn="load-modules" funcs="php4_init,php4_execute,php4_auth_trans" shlib="/o pt/netscape/suitespot/bin/libphp4.so" Init fn="php4_init" LateInit="yes" errorString="Failed to initialize PHP!" [php _ini="/path/to/php.ini"] (PHP >= 4.3.3) The php_ini parameter is optional but with it you can place your php.ini in your webserver config directory. 3. Configure the default object in obj.conf (for virtual server classes [version 6.0+] in their vserver.obj.conf): . . . .#NOTE this next line should happen after all 'ObjectType' and before all 'AddL og' lines Service fn="php4_execute" type="magnus-internal/x-httpd-php" [inikey=value inik ey=value ...] . . (PHP >= 4.3.3) As additional parameters you can add some special php.ini-values, for example you can set a docroot="/path/to/docroot" specific to the context php4_execute is called. For boolean ini-keys please use 0/1 as value, not "On","Off",... (this will not work correctly), e.g. zlib.output_compression=1 instead of zlib.output_compression="On" 4. This is only needed if you want to configure a directory that only consists of PHP scripts (same like a cgi-bin directory): ObjectType fn="force-type" type="magnus-internal/x-httpd-php" Service fn=php4_execute [inikey=value inikey=value ...] After that you can configure a directory in the Administration server and assign it the style x-httpd-php. All files in it will get executed as PHP. This is nice to hide PHP usage by renaming files to .html. 5. Setup of authentication: PHP authentication cannot be used with any other authentication. ALL AUTHENTICATION IS PASSED TO YOUR PHP SCRIPT. To configure PHP Authentication for the entire server, add the following line to your default object: AuthTrans fn=php4_auth_trans . . . 6. To use PHP Authentication on a single directory, add the following: AuthTrans fn=php4_auth_trans Note: The stacksize that PHP uses depends on the configuration of the webserver. If you get crashes with very large PHP scripts, it is recommended to raise it with the Admin Server (in the section "MAGNUS EDITOR"). _________________________________________________________________ CGI environment and recommended modifications in php.ini Important when writing PHP scripts is the fact that Sun JSWS/Sun ONE WS/iPlanet/Netscape is a multithreaded web server. Because of that all requests are running in the same process space (the space of the webserver itself) and this space has only one environment. If you want to get CGI variables like PATH_INFO, HTTP_HOST etc. it is not the correct way to try this in the old PHP 3.x way with getenv() or a similar way (register globals to environment, $_ENV). You would only get the environment of the running webserver without any valid CGI variables! Note: Why are there (invalid) CGI variables in the environment? Answer: This is because you started the webserver process from the admin server which runs the startup script of the webserver, you wanted to start, as a CGI script (a CGI script inside of the admin server!). This is why the environment of the started webserver has some CGI environment variables in it. You can test this by starting the webserver not from the administration server. Use the command line as root user and start it manually - you will see there are no CGI-like environment variables. Simply change your scripts to get CGI variables in the correct way for PHP 4.x by using the superglobal $_SERVER. (important: remove "E" from variables_order because you do not need the environment here): variables_order = "GPCS" _________________________________________________________________ Special use for error pages or self-made directory listings (PHP >= 4.3.3) You can use PHP to generate the error pages for "404 Not Found" or similar. Add the following line to the object in obj.conf for every error page you want to overwrite: Error fn="php4_execute" code=XXX script="/path/to/script.php" [inikey=value ini key=value...] where XXX is the HTTP error code. Please delete any other Error directives which could interfere with yours. If you want to place a page for all errors that could exist, leave the code parameter out. Your script can get the HTTP status code with $_SERVER['ERROR_TYPE']. Another possibility is to generate self-made directory listings. Just create a PHP script which displays a directory listing and replace the corresponding default Service line for type="magnus-internal/directory" in obj.conf with the following: Service fn="php4_execute" type="magnus-internal/directory" script="/path/to/scr ipt.php" [inikey=value inikey=value...] For both error and directory listing pages the original URI and translated URI are in the variables $_SERVER['PATH_INFO'] and $_SERVER['PATH_TRANSLATED']. _________________________________________________________________ Note about nsapi_virtual() and subrequests (PHP >= 4.3.3) The NSAPI module now supports the nsapi_virtual() function (alias: virtual()) to make subrequests on the webserver and insert the result in the webpage. This function uses some undocumented features from the NSAPI library. On Unix the module automatically looks for the needed functions and uses them if available. If not, nsapi_virtual() is disabled. Note: But be warned: Support for nsapi_virtual() is EXPERIMENTAL!!! _________________________________________________________________ CGI and commandline setups The default is to build PHP as a CGI program. This creates a commandline interpreter, which can be used for CGI processing, or for non-web-related PHP scripting. If you are running a web server PHP has module support for, you should generally go for that solution for performance reasons. However, the CGI version enables users to run different PHP-enabled pages under different user-ids. Warning By using the CGI setup, your server is open to several possible attacks. Please read our CGI security section to learn how to defend yourself from those attacks. As of PHP 4.3.0, some important additions have happened to PHP. A new SAPI named CLI also exists and it has the same name as the CGI binary. What is installed at {PREFIX}/bin/php depends on your configure line and this is described in detail in the manual section named Using PHP from the command line. For further details please read that section of the manual. _________________________________________________________________ Testing If you have built PHP as a CGI program, you may test your build by typing make test. It is always a good idea to test your build. This way you may catch a problem with PHP on your platform early instead of having to struggle with it later. _________________________________________________________________ Benchmarking If you have built PHP 3 as a CGI program, you may benchmark your build by typing make bench. Note that if safe mode is on by default, the benchmark may not be able to finish if it takes longer then the 30 seconds allowed. This is because the set_time_limit() can not be used in safe mode. Use the max_execution_time configuration setting to control this time for your own scripts. make bench ignores the configuration file. Note: make bench is only available for PHP 3. _________________________________________________________________ Using Variables Some server supplied environment variables are not defined in the current CGI/1.1 specification. Only the following variables are defined there: AUTH_TYPE, CONTENT_LENGTH, CONTENT_TYPE, GATEWAY_INTERFACE, PATH_INFO, PATH_TRANSLATED, QUERY_STRING, REMOTE_ADDR, REMOTE_HOST, REMOTE_IDENT, REMOTE_USER, REQUEST_METHOD, SCRIPT_NAME, SERVER_NAME, SERVER_PORT, SERVER_PROTOCOL, and SERVER_SOFTWARE. Everything else should be treated as 'vendor extensions'. _________________________________________________________________ HP-UX specific installation notes This section contains notes and hints specific to installing PHP on HP-UX systems. (Contributed by paul_mckay at clearwater-it dot co dot uk). Note: These tips were written for PHP 4.0.4 and Apache 1.3.9. 1. You need gzip, download a binary distribution from http://hpux.connect.org.uk/ftp/hpux/Gnu/gzip-1.2.4a/gzip-1.2.4a-sd -10.20.depot.Z uncompress the file and install using swinstall. 2. You need gcc, download a binary distribution from http://gatekeep.cs.utah.edu/ftp/hpux/Gnu/gcc-2.95.2/gcc-2.95.2-sd- 10.20.depot.gz. uncompress this file and install gcc using swinstall. 3. You need the GNU binutils, you can download a binary distribution from http://hpux.connect.org.uk/ftp/hpux/Gnu/binutils-2.9.1/binutils-2. 9.1-sd-10.20.depot.gz. uncompress this file and install binutils using swinstall. 4. You now need bison, you can download a binary distribution from http://hpux.connect.org.uk/ftp/hpux/Gnu/bison-1.28/bison-1.28-sd-1 0.20.depot.gz, install as above. 5. You now need flex, you need to download the source from one of the http://www.gnu.org mirrors. It is in the non-gnu directory of the ftp site. Download the file, gunzip, then tar -xvf it. Go into the newly created flex directory and run ./configure, followed by make, and then make install. If you have errors here, it's probably because gcc etc. are not in your PATH so add them to your PATH. 6. Download the PHP and apache sources. 7. gunzip and tar -xvf them. We need to hack a couple of files so that they can compile OK. 8. Firstly the configure file needs to be hacked because it seems to lose track of the fact that you are a hpux machine, there will be a better way of doing this but a cheap and cheerful hack is to put lt_target=hpux10.20 on line 47286 of the configure script. 9. Next, the Apache GuessOS file needs to be hacked. Under apache_1.3.9/src/helpers change line 89 from echo "hp${HPUXMACH}-hpux${HPUXVER}"; exit 0 to: echo "hp${HPUXMACH}-hp-hpux${HPUXVER}"; exit 0 10. You cannot install PHP as a shared object under HP-UX so you must compile it as a static, just follow the instructions at the Apache page. 11. PHP and Apache should have compiled OK, but Apache won't start. you need to create a new user for Apache, e.g. www, or apache. You then change lines 252 and 253 of the conf/httpd.conf in Apache so that instead of User nobody Group nogroup you have something like User www Group sys This is because you can't run Apache as nobody under hp-ux. Apache and PHP should then work. _________________________________________________________________ OpenBSD installation notes This section contains notes and hints specific to installing PHP on OpenBSD 3.6. _________________________________________________________________ Using Binary Packages Using binary packages to install PHP on OpenBSD is the recommended and simplest method. The core package has been separated from the various modules, and each can be installed and removed independently from the others. The files you need can be found on your OpenBSD CD or on the FTP site. The main package you need to install is php4-core-4.3.8.tgz, which contains the basic engine (plus gettext and iconv). Next, take a look at the module packages, such as php4-mysql-4.3.8.tgz or php4-imap-4.3.8.tgz. You need to use the phpxs command to activate and deactivate these modules in your php.ini. Example 2-6. OpenBSD Package Install Example # pkg_add php4-core-4.3.8.tgz # /usr/local/sbin/phpxs -s # cp /usr/local/share/doc/php4/php.ini-recommended /var/www/conf/php.ini (add in mysql) # pkg_add php4-mysql-4.3.8.tgz # /usr/local/sbin/phpxs -a mysql (add in imap) # pkg_add php4-imap-4.3.8.tgz # /usr/local/sbin/phpxs -a imap (remove mysql as a test) # pkg_delete php4-mysql-4.3.8 # /usr/local/sbin/phpxs -r mysql (install the PEAR libraries) # pkg_add php4-pear-4.3.8.tgz Read the packages(7) manual page for more information about binary packages on OpenBSD. _________________________________________________________________ Using Ports You can also compile up PHP from source using the ports tree. However, this is only recommended for users familiar with OpenBSD. The PHP 4 port is split into two sub-directories: core and extensions. The extensions directory generates sub-packages for all of the supported PHP modules. If you find you do not want to create some of these modules, use the no_* FLAVOR. For example, to skip building the imap module, set the FLAVOR to no_imap. _________________________________________________________________ Common Problems * The default install of Apache runs inside a chroot(2) jail, which will restrict PHP scripts to accessing files under /var/www. You will therefore need to create a /var/www/tmp directory for PHP session files to be stored, or use an alternative session backend. In addition, database sockets need to be placed inside the jail or listen on the localhost interface. If you use network functions, some files from /etc such as /etc/resolv.conf and /etc/services will need to be moved into /var/www/etc. The OpenBSD PEAR package automatically installs into the correct chroot directories, so no special modification is needed there. More information on the OpenBSD Apache is available in the OpenBSD FAQ. * The OpenBSD 3.6 package for the gd extension requires XFree86 to be installed. If you do not wish to use some of the font features that require X11, install the php4-gd-4.3.8-no_x11.tgz package instead. _________________________________________________________________ Older Releases Older releases of OpenBSD used the FLAVORS system to compile up a statically linked PHP. Since it is hard to generate binary packages using this method, it is now deprecated. You can still use the old stable ports trees if you wish, but they are unsupported by the OpenBSD team. If you have any comments about this, the current maintainer for the port is Anil Madhavapeddy (avsm at openbsd dot org). _________________________________________________________________ Solaris specific installation tips This section contains notes and hints specific to installing PHP on Solaris systems. _________________________________________________________________ Required software Solaris installs often lack C compilers and their related tools. Read this FAQ for information on why using GNU versions for some of these tools is necessary. The required software is as follows: * gcc (recommended, other C compilers may work) * make * flex * bison * m4 * autoconf * automake * perl * gzip * tar * GNU sed In addition, you will need to install (and possibly compile) any additional software specific to your configuration, such as Oracle or MySQL. _________________________________________________________________ Using Packages You can simplify the Solaris install process by using pkgadd to install most of your needed components. _________________________________________________________________ Gentoo installation notes This section contains notes and hints specific to installing PHP on Gentoo Linux. _________________________________________________________________ Using Portage (emerge) While you can just download the PHP source and compile it yourself, using Gentoo's packaging system is the simplest and cleanest method of installing PHP. If you are not familiar with building software on Linux, this is the way to go. If you have built your Gentoo system so far, you are probably used to Portage already. Installing Apache and PHP is no different than the other system tools. The first decision you need to make is whether you want to install Apache 1.3.x or Apache 2.x. While both can be used with PHP, the steps given below will use Apache 1.3.x. Another thing to consider is whether your local Portage tree is up to date. If you have not updated it recently, you need to run emerge sync before anything else. This way, you will be using the most recent stable version of Apache and PHP. Now that everything is in place, you can use the following example to install Apache and PHP: Example 2-7. Gentoo Install Example with Apache 1.3 # emerge \/mod_php-.ebuild config # nano /etc/conf.d/apache Add "-D PHP4" to APACHE_OPTS # rc-update add apache default # /etc/init.d/apache start You can read more about emerge in the excellent Portage Manual provided on the Gentoo website. If you need to use Apache 2, you can simply use emerge apache in the last example. _________________________________________________________________ Better control on configuration In the last section, PHP was emerged without any activated modules. As of this writing, the only module activated by default with Portage is XML which is needed by PEAR. This may not be what you want and you will soon discover that you need more activated modules, like MySQL, gettext, GD, etc. When you compile PHP from source yourself, you need to activate modules via the configure command. With Gentoo, you can simply provide USE flags which will be passed to the configure script automatically. To see which USE flags to use with emerge, you can try: Example 2-8. Getting the list of valid USE flags # USE="-*" emerge -pv php [ebuild N ] dev-php/php-4.3.6-r1 -X -berkdb -crypt -curl -debug -doc -fdftk -firebird -flash -freetds -gd -gd-external -gdbm -gmp -hardenedphp -imap -informix -ipv6 -java -jpeg -kerberos -ldap -mcal -memlimit -mssql -mysql -ncurses -nls -oci8 -odbc -pam -pdflib -png -postgres -qt -readline -snmp -spell -ssl -tiff -truetype -xml2 -yaz 3,876 kB As you can see from the last output, PHP considers a lot of USE flags. Look at them closely and choose what you need. If you choose a flag and you do not have the proper libraries, Portage will compile them for you. It is a good idea to use emerge -pv again to see what Portage will compile in accordance to your USE flags. As an example, if you do not have X installed and you choose to include X in the USE flags, Portage will compile X prior to PHP, which can take a couple of hours. If you choose to compile PHP with MySQL, cURL and GD support, the command will look something like this: Example 2-9. Install PHP with USE flags # USE="-* curl mysql gd" emerge php mod_php As in the last example, do not forget to emerge php as well as mod_php. php is responsible for the command line version of PHP as mod_php is for the Apache module version of PHP. _________________________________________________________________ Common Problems * If you see the PHP source instead of the result the script should produce, you have probably forgot to edit /etc/conf.d/apache. Apache needs to be started with the -D PHP4 flag. To see if the flag is present, you should be able to see it when using ps ax | grep apache while Apache is running. * Due to slotting problems, you might end up with more than one version of PHP installed on your system. If this is the case, you need to unmerge the old versions manually by using emerge unmerge mod_php-. * If you cannot emerge PHP because of Java, try putting -* in front of your USE flags like in the above examples. * If you are having problems configuring Apache and PHP, you can always search the Gentoo Forums. Try searching with the keywords "Apache PHP". _________________________________________________________________ Chapter 3. Installation on Mac OS X This section contains notes and hints specific to installing PHP on Mac OS X. There are two slightly different versions of Mac OS X, Client and Server, our manual deals with installing PHP on both systems. Note that PHP is not available for MacOS 9 and earlier versions. _________________________________________________________________ Using Packages There are a few pre-packaged and pre-compiled versions of PHP for Mac OS X. This can help in setting up a standard configuration, but if you need to have a different set of features (such as a secure server, or a different database driver), you may need to build PHP and/or your web server yourself. If you are unfamiliar with building and compiling your own software, it's worth checking whether somebody has already built a packaged version of PHP with the features you need. _________________________________________________________________ Compiling for OS X Server Mac OS X Server install. 1. Get the latest distributions of Apache and PHP. 2. Untar them, and run the configure program on Apache like so. ./configure --exec-prefix=/usr \ --localstatedir=/var \ --mandir=/usr/share/man \ --libexecdir=/System/Library/Apache/Modules \ --iconsdir=/System/Library/Apache/Icons \ --includedir=/System/Library/Frameworks/Apache.framework/Versions/1.3/Headers \ --enable-shared=max \ --enable-module=most \ --target=apache 3. If you want the compiler to do some optimization, you may also want to add this line: setenv OPTIM=-O2 4. Next, go to the PHP 4 source directory and configure it. ./configure --prefix=/usr \ --sysconfdir=/etc \ --localstatedir=/var \ --mandir=/usr/share/man \ --with-xml \ --with-apache=/src/apache_1.3.12 If you have any other additions (MySQL, GD, etc.), be sure to add them here. For the --with-apache string, put in the path to your apache source directory, for example /src/apache_1.3.12. 5. Type make and make install. This will add a directory to your Apache source directory under src/modules/php4. 6. Now, reconfigure Apache to build in PHP 4. ./configure --exec-prefix=/usr \ --localstatedir=/var \ --mandir=/usr/share/man \ --libexecdir=/System/Library/Apache/Modules \ --iconsdir=/System/Library/Apache/Icons \ --includedir=/System/Library/Frameworks/Apache.framework/Versions/1.3/Headers \ --enable-shared=max \ --enable-module=most \ --target=apache \ --activate-module=src/modules/php4/libphp4.a You may get a message telling you that libmodphp4.a is out of date. If so, go to the src/modules/php4 directory inside your Apache source directory and run this command: ranlib libmodphp4.a. Then go back to the root of the Apache source directory and run the above configure command again. That'll bring the link table up to date. Run make and make install again. 7. Copy and rename the php.ini-dist file to your bin directory from your PHP 4 source directory: cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/bin/php.ini or (if your don't have a local directory) cp php.ini-dist /usr/bin/php.ini. _________________________________________________________________ Compiling for MacOS X Client The following instructions will help you install a PHP module for the Apache web server included in MacOS X. This version includes support for the MySQL and PostgreSQL databases. These instructions are graciously provided by Marc Liyanage. Warning Be careful when you do this, you could screw up your Apache web server! Do this to install: 1. Open a terminal window. 2. Type wget http://www.diax.ch/users/liyanage/software/macosx/libphp4.so.gz, wait for the download to finish. 3. Type gunzip libphp4.so.gz. 4. Type sudo apxs -i -a -n php4 libphp4.so 5. Now type sudo open -a TextEdit /etc/httpd/httpd.conf. TextEdit will open with the web server configuration file. Locate these two lines towards the end of the file: (Use the Find command) #AddType application/x-httpd-php .php #AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps Remove the two hash marks (#), then save the file and quit TextEdit. 6. Finally, type sudo apachectl graceful to restart the web server. PHP should now be up and running. You can test it by dropping a file into your Sites folder which is called test.php. Into that file, write this line: . Now open up 127.0.0.1/~your_username/test.php in your web browser. You should see a status table with information about the PHP module. _________________________________________________________________ Chapter 4. Installation of PECL extensions Introduction to PECL Installations PHP extensions may be installed in a variety of ways. PECL is a repository of PHP extensions living within the PEAR structure, and the following demonstrates how to install these extensions. These instructions assume /your/phpsrcdir/ is the path to the PHP source, and extname is the name of the PECL extension. Adjust accordingly. These instructions also assume a familiarity with the pear command. Shared extensions may be installed by including them inside of php.ini using the extension PHP directive. See also the extensions_dir directive, and dl(). The installation methods described below do not automatically configure PHP to include these extensions, this step must be done manually. When building PHP modules, it's important to have the appropriate versions of the required tools (autoconf, automake, libtool, etc.) See the Anonymous CVS Instructions for details on the required tools, and required versions. _________________________________________________________________ Downloading PECL extensions There are several options for downloading PECL extensions, such as: * http://pecl.php.net Listed here is information like the ChangeLog, release information, requirements, revisions, etc. Although not every PECL extension has a webpage, most do. * pear download extname The pear command may also be used to download source files. Specific revisions may also be specified. * CVS All PECL files reside in CVS. A web-based view may be seen at http://cvs.php.net/pecl/. To download straight from CVS, consider the following where phpfi is the password for user cvsread: $ cvs -d:pserver:cvsread@cvs.php.net:/repository login $ cvs -d:pserver:cvsread@cvs.php.net:/repository co pecl/extname * Windows downloads Windows users may find compiled PECL binaries by downloading the Collection of PECL modules from the PHP Downloads page, and by retrieving a PECL Snapshot. To compile PHP under Windows, read the Win32 Build README. _________________________________________________________________ PECL for Windows users Like with any other PHP extension DLL, to install move the PECL extension DLLs into the extension_dir folder and include them within php.ini. For example: extension=php_extname.dll After doing this, restart the web server. _________________________________________________________________ Compiling shared PECL extensions with PEAR PEAR makes it easy to create shared PHP extensions. Using the pear command, do the following: $ pear install extname That will download the source for extname, and compile it on the system. This results in an extname.so file that may then be included in php.ini In case the systems preferred_state is set higher than an available extname version, like it's set to stable and the extension is still in beta, either alter the preferred_state via pear config-set or specify a specific version of the PECL extension. For example: $ pear install extname-0.1.1 Regardless, pear will copy this extname.so into the extensions directory. Adjust php.ini accordingly. _________________________________________________________________ Compiling shared PECL extensions with phpize If using pear is not an option, like for building shared PECL extensions from CVS, or for unreleased PECL packages, then creating a shared extension may also be done by manually using the phpize command. The pear command essentially does this but it may also be done manually. Assuming the source file is named extname.tgz, and that it was downloaded into the current directory, consider the following: $ pear download extname $ gzip -d < extname.tgz | tar -xvf - $ cd extname $ phpize $ ./configure && make Upon success, this will create extname.so and put it into the modules/ and/or .libs/ directory within the extname/ source. Move this shared extension (extname.so) into the PHP extensions directory, and adjust php.ini accordingly. _________________________________________________________________ Compiling PECL extensions statically into PHP To statically include the extension within the PHP build, put the extensions source into the ext/ directory found in the PHP source. For example: $ cd /your/phpsrcdir/ext $ pear download extname $ gzip -d < extname.tgz | tar -xvf - $ mv extname-x.x.x extname $ rm package.xml This will result in the following directory: /your/phpsrcdir/ext/extname From here, build PHP as normal: $ cd /your/phpsrcdir $ ./buildconf $ ./configure --help $ ./configure --with-extname --enable-someotherext --with-foobar $ make $ make install Whether --enable-extname or --with-extname is used depends on the extension. Typically an extension that does not require external libraries uses --enable. To be sure, run the following after buildconf: $ ./configure --help | grep extname _________________________________________________________________ Chapter 5. Problems? Read the FAQ Some problems are more common than others. The most common ones are listed in the PHP FAQ, part of this manual. _________________________________________________________________ Other problems If you are still stuck, someone on the PHP installation mailing list may be able to help you. You should check out the archive first, in case someone already answered someone else who had the same problem as you. The archives are available from the support page on http://www.php.net/support.php. To subscribe to the PHP installation mailing list, send an empty mail to php-install-subscribe@lists.php.net. The mailing list address is php-install@lists.php.net. If you want to get help on the mailing list, please try to be precise and give the necessary details about your environment (which operating system, what PHP version, what web server, if you are running PHP as CGI or a server module, safe mode, etc...), and preferably enough code to make others able to reproduce and test your problem. _________________________________________________________________ Bug reports If you think you have found a bug in PHP, please report it. The PHP developers probably don't know about it, and unless you report it, chances are it won't be fixed. You can report bugs using the bug-tracking system at http://bugs.php.net/. Please do not send bug reports in mailing list or personal letters. The bug system is also suitable to submit feature requests. Read the How to report a bug document before submitting any bug reports! _________________________________________________________________ Chapter 6. Runtime Configuration The configuration file The configuration file (called php3.ini in PHP 3, and simply php.ini as of PHP 4) is read when PHP starts up. For the server module versions of PHP, this happens only once when the web server is started. For the CGI and CLI version, it happens on every invocation. The default location of php.ini is a compile time option (see the FAQ entry), but can be changed for the CGI and CLI version with the -c command line switch, see the chapter about using PHP from the command line. You can also use the environment variable PHPRC for an additional path to search for a php.ini file. If php-SAPI.ini exists (where SAPI is used SAPI, so the filename is e.g. php-cli.ini or php-apache.ini), it's used instead of php.ini. Note: The Apache web server changes the directory to root at startup causing PHP to attempt to read php.ini from the root filesystem if it exists. The php.ini directives handled by extensions are documented respectively on the pages of the extensions themselves. The list of the core directives is available in the appendix. Probably not all the PHP directives are documented in the manual though. For a completel list of directives available in your PHP version, please read your well commented php.ini file. Alternatively, you may find the the latest php.ini from CVS helpful too. Example 6-1. php.ini example ; any text on a line after an unquoted semicolon (;) is ignored [php] ; section markers (text within square brackets) are also ignored ; Boolean values can be set to either: ; true, on, yes ; or false, off, no, none track_errors = yes ; you can enclose strings in double-quotes include_path = ".:/usr/local/lib/php" ; backslashes are treated the same as any other character include_path = ".;c:\php\lib" _________________________________________________________________ How to change configuration settings Running PHP as an Apache module When using PHP as an Apache module, you can also change the configuration settings using directives in Apache configuration files (e.g. httpd.conf) and .htaccess files. You will need "AllowOverride Options" or "AllowOverride All" privileges to do so. With PHP 4 and PHP 5, there are several Apache directives that allow you to change the PHP configuration from within the Apache configuration files. For a listing of which directives are PHP_INI_ALL, PHP_INI_PERDIR, or PHP_INI_SYSTEM, have a look at the List of php.ini directives appendix. Note: With PHP 3, there are Apache directives that correspond to each configuration setting in the php3.ini name, except the name is prefixed by "php3_". php_value name value Sets the value of the specified directive. Can be used only with PHP_INI_ALL and PHP_INI_PERDIR type directives. To clear a previously set value use none as the value. Note: Don't use php_value to set boolean values. php_flag (see below) should be used instead. php_flag name on|off Used to set a boolean configuration directive. Can be used only with PHP_INI_ALL and PHP_INI_PERDIR type directives. php_admin_value name value Sets the value of the specified directive. This can not be used in .htaccess files. Any directive type set with php_admin_value can not be overridden by .htaccess or virtualhost directives. To clear a previously set value use none as the value. php_admin_flag name on|off Used to set a boolean configuration directive. This can not be used in .htaccess files. Any directive type set with php_admin_flag can not be overridden by .htaccess or virtualhost directives. Example 6-2. Apache configuration example php_value include_path ".:/usr/local/lib/php" php_admin_flag safe_mode on php_value include_path ".:/usr/local/lib/php" php_admin_flag safe_mode on php3_include_path ".:/usr/local/lib/php" php3_safe_mode on Caution PHP constants do not exist outside of PHP. For example, in httpd.conf you can not use PHP constants such as E_ALL or E_NOTICE to set the error_reporting directive as they will have no meaning and will evaluate to 0. Use the associated bitmask values instead. These constants can be used in php.ini _________________________________________________________________ Changing PHP configuration via the Windows registry When running PHP on Windows, the configuration values can be modified on a per-directory basis using the Windows registry. The configuration values are stored in the registry key HKLM\SOFTWARE\PHP\Per Directory Values, in the sub-keys corresponding to the path names. For example, configuration values for the directory c:\inetpub\wwwroot would be stored in the key HKLM\SOFTWARE\PHP\Per Directory Values\c\inetpub\wwwroot. The settings for the directory would be active for any script running from this directory or any subdirectory of it. The values under the key should have the name of the PHP configuration directive and the string value. PHP constants in the values are not parsed. However, only configuration values changeable in PHP_INI_USER can be set this way, PHP_INI_PERDIR values can not. _________________________________________________________________ Other interfaces to PHP Regardless of how you run PHP, you can change certain values at runtime of your scripts through ini_set(). See the documentation on the ini_set() page for more information. If you are interested in a complete list of configuration settings on your system with their current values, you can execute the phpinfo() function, and review the resulting page. You can also access the values of individual configuration directives at runtime using ini_get() or get_cfg_var().