Fix missing randomness check and insufficient random bytes for SOAP HTTP Digest

If php_random_bytes_throw fails, the nonce will be uninitialized, but
still sent to the server. The client nonce is intended to protect
against a malicious server. See section 5.10 and 5.12 of RFC 7616 [1],
and bullet point 2 below.

Tim pointed out that even though it's the MD5 of the nonce that gets sent,
enumerating 31 bits is trivial. So we have still a stack information leak
of 31 bits.

Furthermore, Tim found the following issues:
* The small size of cnonce might cause the server to erroneously reject
  a request due to a repeated (cnonce, nc) pair. As per the birthday
  problem 31 bits of randomness will return a duplication with 50%
  chance after less than 55000 requests and nc always starts counting at 1.
* The cnonce is intended to protect the client and password against a
  malicious server that returns a constant server nonce where the server
  precomputed a rainbow table between passwords and correct client response.
  As storage is fairly cheap, a server could precompute the client responses
  for (a subset of) client nonces and still have a chance of reversing the
  client response with the same probability as the cnonce duplication.

  Precomputing the rainbow table for all 2^31 cnonces increases the rainbow
  table size by factor 2 billion, which is infeasible. But precomputing it
  for 2^14 cnonces only increases the table size by factor 16k and the server
  would still have a 10% chance of successfully reversing a password with a
  single client request.

This patch fixes the issues by increasing the nonce size, and checking
the return value of php_random_bytes_throw(). In the process we also get
rid of the MD5 hashing of the nonce.

[1] RFC 7616: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7616

Additionally:
* Fix GH-11382 add missing hash header for bin2hex
* Update NEWS

Co-authored-by: Tim Düsterhus <timwolla@php.net>
Co-authored-by: Remi Collet <remi@remirepo.net>
Co-authored-by: Pierrick Charron <pierrick@php.net>

NEWS

@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@ PHP                                                                        NEWS
     done). (peter279k)
 
 - Soap:
+  . Fixed bug GHSA-76gg-c692-v2mw (Missing error check and insufficient random
+    bytes in HTTP Digest authentication for SOAP). (nielsdos, timwolla)
   . Fixed bug GH-8426 (make test fail while soap extension build). (nielsdos)
 
 - SPL:

ext/soap/php_http.c

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include "ext/standard/base64.h"
 #include "ext/standard/md5.h"
 #include "ext/standard/php_random.h"
+#include "ext/hash/php_hash.h"
 
 static char *get_http_header_value_nodup(char *headers, char *type, size_t *len);
 static char *get_http_header_value(char *headers, char *type);
@@ -657,18 +658,23 @@ try_again:
 			has_authorization = 1;
 			if (Z_TYPE_P(digest) == IS_ARRAY) {
 				char          HA1[33], HA2[33], response[33], cnonce[33], nc[9];
-				zend_long     nonce;
+				unsigned char nonce[16];
 				PHP_MD5_CTX   md5ctx;
 				unsigned char hash[16];
 
-				php_random_bytes_throw(&nonce, sizeof(nonce));
+				if (UNEXPECTED(php_random_bytes_throw(&nonce, sizeof(nonce)) != SUCCESS)) {
-				nonce &= 0x7fffffff;
+					ZEND_ASSERT(EG(exception));
+					php_stream_close(stream);
+					convert_to_null(Z_CLIENT_HTTPURL_P(this_ptr));
+					convert_to_null(Z_CLIENT_HTTPSOCKET_P(this_ptr));
+					convert_to_null(Z_CLIENT_USE_PROXY_P(this_ptr));
+					smart_str_free(&soap_headers_z);
+					smart_str_free(&soap_headers);
+					return FALSE;
+				}
 
-				PHP_MD5Init(&md5ctx);
+				php_hash_bin2hex(cnonce, nonce, sizeof(nonce));
-				snprintf(cnonce, sizeof(cnonce), ZEND_LONG_FMT, nonce);
+				cnonce[32] = 0;
-				PHP_MD5Update(&md5ctx, (unsigned char*)cnonce, strlen(cnonce));
-				PHP_MD5Final(hash, &md5ctx);
-				make_digest(cnonce, hash);
 
 				if ((tmp = zend_hash_str_find(Z_ARRVAL_P(digest), "nc", sizeof("nc")-1)) != NULL &&
 					Z_TYPE_P(tmp) == IS_LONG) {