diff --git a/src/pkg/Makefile b/src/pkg/Makefile index c7e65c029e..85c5031e51 100644 --- a/src/pkg/Makefile +++ b/src/pkg/Makefile @@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ DIRS=\ crypto\ crypto/aes\ crypto/blowfish\ + crypto/bcrypt\ crypto/cast5\ crypto/cipher\ crypto/des\ diff --git a/src/pkg/crypto/bcrypt/Makefile b/src/pkg/crypto/bcrypt/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3c83d9c8ae --- /dev/null +++ b/src/pkg/crypto/bcrypt/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Copyright 2011 The Go Authors. All rights reserved. +# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style +# license that can be found in the LICENSE file. + +include ../../../Make.inc + +TARG=crypto/bcrypt +GOFILES=\ + base64.go \ + bcrypt.go + +include ../../../Make.pkg diff --git a/src/pkg/crypto/bcrypt/base64.go b/src/pkg/crypto/bcrypt/base64.go new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ed6cea70c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/pkg/crypto/bcrypt/base64.go @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +// Copyright 2011 The Go Authors. All rights reserved. +// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style +// license that can be found in the LICENSE file. + +package bcrypt + +import ( + "encoding/base64" + "os" +) + +const alphabet = "./ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789" + +var bcEncoding = base64.NewEncoding(alphabet) + +func base64Encode(src []byte) []byte { + n := bcEncoding.EncodedLen(len(src)) + dst := make([]byte, n) + bcEncoding.Encode(dst, src) + for dst[n-1] == '=' { + n-- + } + return dst[:n] +} + +func base64Decode(src []byte) ([]byte, os.Error) { + numOfEquals := 4 - (len(src) % 4) + for i := 0; i < numOfEquals; i++ { + src = append(src, '=') + } + + dst := make([]byte, bcEncoding.DecodedLen(len(src))) + n, err := bcEncoding.Decode(dst, src) + if err != nil { + return nil, err + } + return dst[:n], nil +} diff --git a/src/pkg/crypto/bcrypt/bcrypt.go b/src/pkg/crypto/bcrypt/bcrypt.go new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1e8ccfac19 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/pkg/crypto/bcrypt/bcrypt.go @@ -0,0 +1,282 @@ +// Copyright 2011 The Go Authors. All rights reserved. +// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style +// license that can be found in the LICENSE file. + +// Package bcrypt implements Provos and Mazières's bcrypt adapative hashing +// algorithm. See http://www.usenix.org/event/usenix99/provos/provos.pdf +package bcrypt + +// The code is a port of Provos and Mazières's C implementation. +import ( + "crypto/blowfish" + "crypto/rand" + "crypto/subtle" + "fmt" + "io" + "os" + "strconv" +) + +const ( + MinCost int = 4 // the minimum allowable cost as passed in to GenerateFromPassword + MaxCost int = 31 // the maximum allowable cost as passed in to GenerateFromPassword + DefaultCost int = 10 // the cost that will actually be set if a cost below MinCost is passed into GenerateFromPassword +) + +// The error returned from CompareHashAndPassword when a password and hash do +// not match. +var MismatchedHashAndPasswordError = os.NewError("crypto/bcrypt: hashedPassword is not the hash of the given password") + +// The error returned from CompareHashAndPassword when a hash is too short to +// be a bcrypt hash. +var HashTooShortError = os.NewError("crypto/bcrypt: hashedSecret too short to be a bcrypted password") + +// The error returned from CompareHashAndPassword when a hash was created with +// a bcrypt algorithm newer than this implementation. +type HashVersionTooNewError byte + +func (hv HashVersionTooNewError) String() string { + return fmt.Sprintf("crypto/bcrypt: bcrypt algorithm version '%c' requested is newer than current version '%c'", byte(hv), majorVersion) +} + +// The error returned from CompareHashAndPassword when a hash starts with something other than '$' +type InvalidHashPrefixError byte + +func (ih InvalidHashPrefixError) String() string { + return fmt.Sprintf("crypto/bcrypt: bcrypt hashes must start with '$', but hashedSecret started with '%c'", byte(ih)) +} + +type InvalidCostError int + +func (ic InvalidCostError) String() string { + return fmt.Sprintf("crypto/bcrypt: cost %d is outside allowed range (%d,%d)", int(ic), int(MinCost), int(MaxCost)) +} + +const ( + majorVersion = '2' + minorVersion = 'a' + maxSaltSize = 16 + maxCryptedHashSize = 23 + encodedSaltSize = 22 + encodedHashSize = 31 + minHashSize = 59 +) + +// magicCipherData is an IV for the 64 Blowfish encryption calls in +// bcrypt(). It's the string "OrpheanBeholderScryDoubt" in big-endian bytes. +var magicCipherData = []byte{ + 0x4f, 0x72, 0x70, 0x68, + 0x65, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x42, + 0x65, 0x68, 0x6f, 0x6c, + 0x64, 0x65, 0x72, 0x53, + 0x63, 0x72, 0x79, 0x44, + 0x6f, 0x75, 0x62, 0x74, +} + +type hashed struct { + hash []byte + salt []byte + cost uint32 // allowed range is MinCost to MaxCost + major byte + minor byte +} + +// GenerateFromPassword returns the bcrypt hash of the password at the given +// cost. If the cost given is less than MinCost, the cost will be set to +// MinCost, instead. Use CompareHashAndPassword, as defined in this package, +// to compare the returned hashed password with its cleartext version. +func GenerateFromPassword(password []byte, cost int) ([]byte, os.Error) { + p, err := newFromPassword(password, cost) + if err != nil { + return nil, err + } + return p.Hash(), nil +} + +// CompareHashAndPassword compares a bcrypt hashed password with its possible +// plaintext equivalent. Note: Using bytes.Equal for this job is +// insecure. Returns nil on success, or an error on failure. +func CompareHashAndPassword(hashedPassword, password []byte) os.Error { + p, err := newFromHash(hashedPassword) + if err != nil { + return err + } + + otherHash, err := bcrypt(password, p.cost, p.salt) + if err != nil { + return err + } + + otherP := &hashed{otherHash, p.salt, p.cost, p.major, p.minor} + if subtle.ConstantTimeCompare(p.Hash(), otherP.Hash()) == 1 { + return nil + } + + return MismatchedHashAndPasswordError +} + +func newFromPassword(password []byte, cost int) (*hashed, os.Error) { + if cost < MinCost { + cost = DefaultCost + } + p := new(hashed) + p.major = majorVersion + p.minor = minorVersion + + err := checkCost(cost) + if err != nil { + return nil, err + } + p.cost = uint32(cost) + + unencodedSalt := make([]byte, maxSaltSize) + _, err = io.ReadFull(rand.Reader, unencodedSalt) + if err != nil { + return nil, err + } + + p.salt = base64Encode(unencodedSalt) + hash, err := bcrypt(password, p.cost, p.salt) + if err != nil { + return nil, err + } + p.hash = hash + return p, err +} + +func newFromHash(hashedSecret []byte) (*hashed, os.Error) { + if len(hashedSecret) < minHashSize { + return nil, HashTooShortError + } + p := new(hashed) + n, err := p.decodeVersion(hashedSecret) + if err != nil { + return nil, err + } + hashedSecret = hashedSecret[n:] + n, err = p.decodeCost(hashedSecret) + if err != nil { + return nil, err + } + hashedSecret = hashedSecret[n:] + + // The "+2" is here because we'll have to append at most 2 '=' to the salt + // when base64 decoding it in expensiveBlowfishSetup(). + p.salt = make([]byte, encodedSaltSize, encodedSaltSize+2) + copy(p.salt, hashedSecret[:encodedSaltSize]) + + hashedSecret = hashedSecret[encodedSaltSize:] + p.hash = make([]byte, len(hashedSecret)) + copy(p.hash, hashedSecret) + + return p, nil +} + +func bcrypt(password []byte, cost uint32, salt []byte) ([]byte, os.Error) { + cipherData := make([]byte, len(magicCipherData)) + copy(cipherData, magicCipherData) + + c, err := expensiveBlowfishSetup(password, cost, salt) + if err != nil { + return nil, err + } + + for i := 0; i < 24; i += 8 { + for j := 0; j < 64; j++ { + c.Encrypt(cipherData[i:i+8], cipherData[i:i+8]) + } + } + + // Bug compatibility with C bcrypt implementations. We only encode 23 of + // the 24 bytes encrypted. + hsh := base64Encode(cipherData[:maxCryptedHashSize]) + return hsh, nil +} + +func expensiveBlowfishSetup(key []byte, cost uint32, salt []byte) (*blowfish.Cipher, os.Error) { + + csalt, err := base64Decode(salt) + if err != nil { + return nil, err + } + + // Bug compatibility with C bcrypt implementations. They use the trailing + // NULL in the key string during expansion. + ckey := append(key, 0) + + c, err := blowfish.NewSaltedCipher(ckey, csalt) + if err != nil { + return nil, err + } + + rounds := 1 << cost + for i := 0; i < rounds; i++ { + blowfish.ExpandKey(ckey, c) + blowfish.ExpandKey(csalt, c) + } + + return c, nil +} + +func (p *hashed) Hash() []byte { + arr := make([]byte, 60) + arr[0] = '$' + arr[1] = p.major + n := 2 + if p.minor != 0 { + arr[2] = p.minor + n = 3 + } + arr[n] = '$' + n += 1 + copy(arr[n:], []byte(fmt.Sprintf("%02d", p.cost))) + n += 2 + arr[n] = '$' + n += 1 + copy(arr[n:], p.salt) + n += encodedSaltSize + copy(arr[n:], p.hash) + n += encodedHashSize + return arr[:n] +} + +func (p *hashed) decodeVersion(sbytes []byte) (int, os.Error) { + if sbytes[0] != '$' { + return -1, InvalidHashPrefixError(sbytes[0]) + } + if sbytes[1] > majorVersion { + return -1, HashVersionTooNewError(sbytes[1]) + } + p.major = sbytes[1] + n := 3 + if sbytes[2] != '$' { + p.minor = sbytes[2] + n++ + } + return n, nil +} + +// sbytes should begin where decodeVersion left off. +func (p *hashed) decodeCost(sbytes []byte) (int, os.Error) { + cost, err := strconv.Atoi(string(sbytes[0:2])) + if err != nil { + return -1, err + } + err = checkCost(cost) + if err != nil { + return -1, err + } + p.cost = uint32(cost) + return 3, nil +} + +func (p *hashed) String() string { + return fmt.Sprintf("&{hash: %#v, salt: %#v, cost: %d, major: %c, minor: %c}", string(p.hash), p.salt, p.cost, p.major, p.minor) +} + +func checkCost(cost int) os.Error { + if cost < MinCost || cost > MaxCost { + return InvalidCostError(cost) + } + return nil +} diff --git a/src/pkg/crypto/bcrypt/bcrypt_test.go b/src/pkg/crypto/bcrypt/bcrypt_test.go new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..89eca0a448 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/pkg/crypto/bcrypt/bcrypt_test.go @@ -0,0 +1,195 @@ +// Copyright 2011 The Go Authors. All rights reserved. +// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style +// license that can be found in the LICENSE file. + +package bcrypt + +import ( + "bytes" + "os" + "testing" +) + +func TestBcryptingIsEasy(t *testing.T) { + pass := []byte("mypassword") + hp, err := GenerateFromPassword(pass, 0) + if err != nil { + t.Fatalf("GenerateFromPassword error: %s", err) + } + + if CompareHashAndPassword(hp, pass) != nil { + t.Errorf("%v should hash %s correctly", hp, pass) + } + + notPass := "notthepass" + err = CompareHashAndPassword(hp, []byte(notPass)) + if err != MismatchedHashAndPasswordError { + t.Errorf("%v and %s should be mismatched", hp, notPass) + } +} + +func TestBcryptingIsCorrect(t *testing.T) { + pass := []byte("allmine") + salt := []byte("XajjQvNhvvRt5GSeFk1xFe") + expectedHash := []byte("$2a$10$XajjQvNhvvRt5GSeFk1xFeyqRrsxkhBkUiQeg0dt.wU1qD4aFDcga") + + hash, err := bcrypt(pass, 10, salt) + if err != nil { + t.Fatalf("bcrypt blew up: %v", err) + } + if !bytes.HasSuffix(expectedHash, hash) { + t.Errorf("%v should be the suffix of %v", hash, expectedHash) + } + + h, err := newFromHash(expectedHash) + if err != nil { + t.Errorf("Unable to parse %s: %v", string(expectedHash), err) + } + + // This is not the safe way to compare these hashes. We do this only for + // testing clarity. Use bcrypt.CompareHashAndPassword() + if err == nil && !bytes.Equal(expectedHash, h.Hash()) { + t.Errorf("Parsed hash %v should equal %v", h.Hash(), expectedHash) + } +} + +func TestTooLongPasswordsWork(t *testing.T) { + salt := []byte("XajjQvNhvvRt5GSeFk1xFe") + // One byte over the usual 56 byte limit that blowfish has + tooLongPass := []byte("012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456") + tooLongExpected := []byte("$2a$10$XajjQvNhvvRt5GSeFk1xFe5l47dONXg781AmZtd869sO8zfsHuw7C") + hash, err := bcrypt(tooLongPass, 10, salt) + if err != nil { + t.Fatalf("bcrypt blew up on long password: %v", err) + } + if !bytes.HasSuffix(tooLongExpected, hash) { + t.Errorf("%v should be the suffix of %v", hash, tooLongExpected) + } +} + +type InvalidHashTest struct { + err os.Error + hash []byte +} + +var invalidTests = []InvalidHashTest{ + {HashTooShortError, []byte("$2a$10$fooo")}, + {HashTooShortError, []byte("$2a")}, + {HashVersionTooNewError('3'), []byte("$3a$10$sssssssssssssssssssssshhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh")}, + {InvalidHashPrefixError('%'), []byte("%2a$10$sssssssssssssssssssssshhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh")}, + {InvalidCostError(32), []byte("$2a$32$sssssssssssssssssssssshhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh")}, +} + +func TestInvalidHashErrors(t *testing.T) { + check := func(name string, expected, err os.Error) { + if err == nil { + t.Errorf("%s: Should have returned an error", name) + } + if err != nil && err != expected { + t.Errorf("%s gave err %v but should have given %v", name, err.String(), expected.String()) + } + } + for _, iht := range invalidTests { + _, err := newFromHash(iht.hash) + check("newFromHash", iht.err, err) + err = CompareHashAndPassword(iht.hash, []byte("anything")) + check("CompareHashAndPassword", iht.err, err) + } +} + +func TestUnpaddedBase64Encoding(t *testing.T) { + original := []byte{101, 201, 101, 75, 19, 227, 199, 20, 239, 236, 133, 32, 30, 109, 243, 30} + encodedOriginal := []byte("XajjQvNhvvRt5GSeFk1xFe") + + encoded := base64Encode(original) + + if !bytes.Equal(encodedOriginal, encoded) { + t.Errorf("Encoded %v should have equaled %v", encoded, encodedOriginal) + } + + decoded, err := base64Decode(encodedOriginal) + if err != nil { + t.Fatalf("base64Decode blew up: %s", err) + } + + if !bytes.Equal(decoded, original) { + t.Errorf("Decoded %v should have equaled %v", decoded, original) + } +} + +func TestCost(t *testing.T) { + if testing.Short() { + return + } + + pass := []byte("mypassword") + + for c := 0; c < MinCost; c++ { + p, _ := newFromPassword(pass, c) + if p.cost != uint32(DefaultCost) { + t.Errorf("newFromPassword should default costs below %d to %d, but was %d", MinCost, DefaultCost, p.cost) + } + } + + p, _ := newFromPassword(pass, 14) + if p.cost != 14 { + t.Errorf("newFromPassword should default cost to 14, but was %d", p.cost) + } + + hp, _ := newFromHash(p.Hash()) + if p.cost != hp.cost { + t.Errorf("newFromHash should maintain the cost at %d, but was %d", p.cost, hp.cost) + } + + _, err := newFromPassword(pass, 32) + if err == nil { + t.Fatalf("newFromPassword: should return a cost error") + } + if err != InvalidCostError(32) { + t.Errorf("newFromPassword: should return cost error, got %#v", err) + } +} + +func TestCostReturnsWithLeadingZeroes(t *testing.T) { + hp, _ := newFromPassword([]byte("abcdefgh"), 7) + cost := hp.Hash()[4:7] + expected := []byte("07$") + + if !bytes.Equal(expected, cost) { + t.Errorf("single digit costs in hash should have leading zeros: was %v instead of %v", cost, expected) + } +} + +func TestMinorNotRequired(t *testing.T) { + noMinorHash := []byte("$2$10$XajjQvNhvvRt5GSeFk1xFeyqRrsxkhBkUiQeg0dt.wU1qD4aFDcga") + h, err := newFromHash(noMinorHash) + if err != nil { + t.Fatalf("No minor hash blew up: %s", err) + } + if h.minor != 0 { + t.Errorf("Should leave minor version at 0, but was %d", h.minor) + } + + if !bytes.Equal(noMinorHash, h.Hash()) { + t.Errorf("Should generate hash %v, but created %v", noMinorHash, h.Hash()) + } +} + +func BenchmarkEqual(b *testing.B) { + b.StopTimer() + passwd := []byte("somepasswordyoulike") + hash, _ := GenerateFromPassword(passwd, 10) + b.StartTimer() + for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { + CompareHashAndPassword(hash, passwd) + } +} + +func BenchmarkGeneration(b *testing.B) { + b.StopTimer() + passwd := []byte("mylongpassword1234") + b.StartTimer() + for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { + GenerateFromPassword(passwd, 10) + } +}